The purpose of this research is to apply the Einstein’s principle of relativity to solve the mind-brain problem and to generate all Standard Model Particle masses. Our approach is somewhat analogous to the dualistic idea of Descartes. Instead of a pineal gland, wherein the brain interacts with the mind, we propose during the developmental stages of the human fetus the tiny brain begins to communicate with the smallest structures of spacetime. This interaction occurs as the fetus brain begins to emit thermodynamic low heat energies, which are then absorbed into the smallest structures of spacetime saturating the interstices of the fetus brain. Think of these heat-energies like Morse code instructions. Since these kinds of interaction involve spacetime, with brain matter-energy, and that our main guiding principle is that of relativity, our research resulted in a general relativistic wave equation, wherein the n-valued heat-energies emitted by the brain-field-matrix B μ v , is identified as the energy momentum tensor of general relativity. The spacetime mind-matrix ( M μ v ) is likewise identified as the Riemannian curvature matrix. Together they form a general relativistic expression given by: M μ v + P μ v M=cB μ v . Here c represents the combined general relativistic constants. By detaching the energy momentum tensor B μ v from the general relativistic wave equation, converting it to an operator, and then combining the time component with the Bose-Einstein equation, resulted in a brain temperature function capable of calculating precise heat-energies emitted by the brain during the formation of the fetus mind. As the fetus brain becomes more complex, it further organizes the mind. At some point self-aware consciousness is evoked within the spacetime mind. The same equation ( relabeled to distinguish it from the mind-brain equation ) can be applied to generate all Standard Model Particle masses.
KeywordsMind-Body ProblemThermodynamicsHeat EnergyGeneral RelativityParticle Mass ProblemHydrogen SpectraConsciousnessGod Particle
Einstein, A. and Rosen, N. (1935) Physical Review, 48, 74. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.48.73
Thorne, K. (2003) Warping Space-Time. The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking’s 60th Birthday. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 74.
Goenner, H.F.M. (2017) General Relativity and Gravitation, 49, Article No. 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-017-2203-1
Blum, A., Lalli, R. and Renn, J. (2015) Isis, 106, 598-620. https://doi.org/10.1086/683425
Heisenberg, W. (1925) Zeitschrift für Physik, 33, 879-893. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01328377
Marion, J.B. and Thornton, S.T. (1988) Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems. 3rd Edition, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, San Diego, 458.
Christensen Jr., W. (2007) GERG, 39, 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-006-0360-8
Christensen Jr., W. (2016) Journal of Modern Physics, 7, 237-250. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2016.72024
Christensen Jr., W.J. (2017) Journal of Modern Physics, 8, 1294-1318. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2017.88084
Born, M., Heisenberg, W. and Jordan, P. (1926) Zeitschrift für Physik, 35, 557-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01379806
Pauli, W. (1985) Wissenschaftlicher Briefwecchsel, 2, 1930-1939. Springer, Berlin, 833-901.
Huggins, E.R. (1962) Quantum Mechanics of the Interaction of Gravity with Electrons: Theory of Spin-Two Field Coupled to Energy. Dissertation Elisha R. Huggins. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.
Feynman, R. (1962-63) Lectures on Gravitation. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.
Fang, J., Christensen Jr., W.J. and Nakashima, M.M. (1996) Letters in Mathematical Physics, 38, 213-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398322
Fang, J. and Fronsdal, C. (1978) Letters in Mathematical Physics, 2, 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00400165
Fang, J. and Fronsdal, C. (1980) Physical Review D, 22, 1361. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.22.1361
Einstein, A. (1945) Annuals of Mathematics, 46, 578-584. https://doi.org/10.2307/1969197
Einstein, A. and Strauss, E.G. (1946) Annals of Mathematics, Second Series, 47, 731-741. https://doi.org/10.2307/1969231
Neuro-Fields
Spacetime Mind
Neuroscience
Neurotrophins
Grant, A. (2016) Vera Rubin in the Pages of Physics Today. The Late Astronomer’s Contributions to the Magazine Reveal Her Impressive Research, Advocacy for Women in Science, and Sharp Wit. Physics Today, in People & History, December 27, 2016.
Rubin, V. (1997) Bright Galaxies, Dark Matter. Master of Modern Physics Series. Springer Verlag/AIP Press, New York. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18718
Mazuet, C. and Volkov, M.S. (2017) Physical Review D, 96, Article ID: 124023. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.124023
Christensen Jr., W.J. (2015) Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1421-1439. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.610147
Hooper, D. (2017) Physics of the Dark Universe, 15, 53-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2016.11.005
ATLAS Collaboration (2018) European Physical Journal C, 78, 110.
The ALEPH Collaboration, the DELPHI Collaboration, the L3 Collaboration, the OPAL Collaboration, the SLD Collaboration, the LEP Electroweak Working Group, the SLD Electroweak, Heavy Flavor Groups (2006) Physics Reports, 427, 257-454.
The Atlas Collaboration (2018) Physics Letters B, 784, 345.
Milgrom, M. (2020) Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 71, 170-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.004
Rubin, V. (1970) Astrophysical Journal, 159, 379. https://doi.org/10.1086/150317
Rubin, V. (1995) The Astrophysical Journal, 451, 419. https://doi.org/10.1086/176230
Bird, C., et al. (2006) Modern Physics Letters A, 21, 457-478. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732306019852
Falkowski, A. (2013) Journal of High Energy Physics, 02, 034. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2013)034
Rix, H.-W. and Bovy, J. (2013) The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 21, Article No. 61.
Johnson, J. (2019) Nature, 573, 32-33. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674242616
Alexander, T. (2017) Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 55, 17-57. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-091916-055306
Moskowitz, C. (2016) Cosmic Speed Measurement Suggests Dark Energy Mystery: A New Measurement of How Fast Space Is Expanding Disagrees with Estimates Based on the Early Universe, Potentially Pointing toward a Break from the Standard Model of Physics. Scientific American Space (April 11).
Salucci, P., et al. (2007) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 378, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11696.x
Boylan-Kolchin, M., et al. (2010) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 406, 896. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16774.x
Einasto, J. (2010) Dark Matter Density. Astronomy and Astrophysics. Tartu Observatory.
Nestia, F. and Salucci, P. (2013) The Dark Matter Halo of the Milky Way, AD 2013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/07/016
Gnedin, O.Y., et al. (2010) The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 720, L108. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/720/1/L108
Anderhalden, D., et al. (2013) JCAP, No. 3, 014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/03/014
Westphal, J. (2016) The Mind-Body Problem. The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10776.001.0001
Pearce, J. (2004) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 75, 544.
Sherrington, C. (1906) The Integrative Action of the Nervous System. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Sherrington, C. (1940) Man on His Nature. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Mcllwain, H. (1984) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine; 77, 417.
Knott, C.G. (1911) Life and Scientific Work of Peter Guthrie Tait. Cambridge University Press, London, 213-214. (Reproduced in the Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell II 1862-1873 (Ed.: P. M. Harman, 1871), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, 331-332.)
Thomson, W. (1874) Nature, 9, 441-444. https://doi.org/10.1038/009441c0
Poincare, J. (1893) Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale, 1, 534-537.
Planck, M. (1922) Treatise on Thermodynamics. Translated from the 7th German Edition, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 203-207.
Feld, B.T. and Szilárd, G.W. (1972) The Collected Works of Leo Szilárd. Scientific Papers. MIT Press, Cambridge, 103-129.
Leff, H. (1990) American Journal of Physics, 58, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.16221
von Neumann, J. (1955) Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Gamow, G. (1971) Mr. Tompkins in Paperback. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 95-111.
Born, M. (1948) Annalen der Physik, 438, 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19484380118
Wiener, N. (1950) Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, 2, 89. https://doi.org/10.1090/psapm/002/0032544
Bohm, D. (1951) Quantum Theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, 608-609.
Brillouin, L. (1951) Journal of Applied Physics, 22, 334-337. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699951
Saha, M.N. and Srivastava, B.N. (1958) A Treatise on Heat. The Indian Press, Calcutta, 320.
Feynman, R.P., Leighton, R.B. and Sands, M. (1963) Feynman Lectures on Physics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, 46.1-46.9.
Bell, D.A. (1968) Information Theory. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, London, 20-21, 212-219.
Popper, K.R. (1982) Quantum Theory and the Schism in Physics. Roman & Littlefield, Totowa, 114.
Landauer, R. (1987) Physica Scripta, 35, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/35/1/021
Penrose, R. (2002) The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics. Oxford University Press, New York.
Christensen, W.J. (1991) A Gedanken-Experiment for the Plausible Existence of Cosmological Intelligence. JOPIPA Cal Poly Pomona University, Volume 8, Number 1.
Christensen Jr., W.J. (2011) Journal of Cosmology, 14.
James, I. (2009) Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 55, 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2009.0015
Kovach Jr., D. (2014) International Journal of Modern Non-Linear Theory and Application, 3, 182-190. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijmnta.2014.34020
Saxe, G.N., Calderone, D. and Morales Leah, J. (2018) PLoS ONE, 13, e0191582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191582
Gallistel, C.R. and King, A.P. (2010) Memory and the Computational Brain: Why Cognitive Science Will Transform Neuro-Science. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Hoboken.
Tian, Y., et al. (2017) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 437. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00437
Christensen Jr., W.J. (2015) Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 194-200.
Valle, N. (2019) Art Historian: “Art, like Science, Is a Physical Representation of a Particular Moment in Time; It Is a Reflection of Cultural Zeitgeist, the Spirit in Which We Live.” Also, Our Discussions on How Memory and Art Are Interrelated with Physics. Together with Scarlet Rembrandt, the Happiest of Memories.
Mohr, P.J., et al. (2016) Reviews of Modern Physics, 88, Article ID: 035009. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009
Kraus, C., et al. (2005) The European Physical Journal C, 40, 447-468. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2005-02139-7
The ATLAS, CDF, CMS, D0 Collaborations (2014) First Combination of Tevatron and LHC Measurements of the Top-Quark Mass.
Bazavov, A., et al. (2018) Physical Review D, 98, Article ID: 054517. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.054517