Standard Model Particles with Mass Treated as Spheres with Finite Radii

Abstract

The particle physics Standard Model involves three charge 0 neutrinos, three charge e leptons, three charge (2/3) e quarks, and three charge − (1/3) e quarks, where e is electron charge. However, the Standard Model cannot explain why there are three generations of particles in each charge state and makes no predictions relating to quark and lepton masses. This analysis, treating Standard Model particles as spheres with radii 1/4 the particle Compton wavelength, explains three, and only three fermions are in each charge state and relates first generation quark masses to the electron mass.