Matter, Dark Matter and Quartic Potential Generated by Unstable Confinement of Quarks

Abstract

The Standard Model for particle physics is here extended by making a non-equilibrium filling of the empty vacuum after the start of Big Bang. The process is described as an unstable binding of massless quarks to massless antiquarks. When the filled part of vacuum condenses, the system becomes stabilized, quarks acquire mass and become confined and a quartic potential is induced, which hence need not be introduced ad hoc. The coupling and scale parameters in this potential have become asymmetric microscopic functions of the quark and antiquark densities. The so obtained dynamics can explain how the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe and dark matter emerged. Quantum corrections are included and the model then gives ordinary matter, dark matter and dark energy contents at correct orders of magnitude.