Modified White Hole Enthalpy Coupled to Quantum Bose-Einstein Condensate at Extremely Low Entropy
- 1 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- 2 Department of Physics, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
- 3 Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
Abstract
We model the universe as a white hole, and in the process we perform detailed analysis of the enthalpy equation of the modified white hole, and we get a much detailed picture of when and how did; quantum gravity (cosmology) phase, inflationary phase, and the acceleration phase of the universe happened. We determine the field equations of the modified white hole and evolve the scale factor and compare the evolution to the thermodynamic properties of the universe. We also illustrate that the strong energy condition is violated, but both the null energy condition and the strong cosmic censorship are not violated. Lastly, we couple the enthalpy to the Bose-Einstein condensate at extremely low entropy at the quantum gravity (cosmology) regime. Thereafter, we determine the unstable condition of the Bose-Einstein quantum equation which we interpret as the moment when the big bang occurred.
- Hubeny, V.E. (2015) Classical and Quantum Gravity, 32, Article ID: 124010. https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/32/12/124010
- Padmanabhan, T. and Padmanabhan, H. (2014) International Journal of Modern Physics D, 23, Article ID: 143001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271814300110
- Verlinde, E.P. (2017) SciPost Physics, 2, 16. https://doi.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.2.3.016
- Padmanabhan, T. (2015) Modern Physics Letters A, 30, Article ID: 1540007. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732315400076
- Kubeka, A.S. and Amani, A. (2022) International Journal of Modern Physics A, 37, Article ID: 2250039. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X22500397
- Carlip, S. (2014) Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 46, 200-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2012.11.002
- Gunzigy, E., Maartensz, R. and Nesterukz, A.V. (1998) Classical and Quantum Gravity, 15, 923-932. https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/15/4/014
- Fukuyama, T. and Morikawa, M. (2009) Physical Review D, 80, Article ID: 063520. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.063520
- Ellis, G.F.R. (2009) Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 189, Article ID: 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/189/1/012011
- Jacques, C., Roya, M., Mohamed, R. and Subir, S. (2019) Astronomy and Astrophysics, 631, L13. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936373
- Paraoanu, G.S. (2015) The Quantum Vacuum. In: Parvu, I., Sandu, G. and Toader, I., Eds., Romanian Studies in Philosophy of Science, Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, Vol. 313, Springer, Cham, 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16655-1_12
- Dafermos, H. and Holzegel, G. (2006) Dynamic Instability of Solitons in 4+1 Dimensional Gravity with Negative Cosmological Constant. https://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/???md384/ADSinstability.pdf
- Hawking, S.W. (1975) Communications in Mathematical Physics, 43, 199-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02345020
- Arkani-Hamed, N., Dubovsky, S., Nicolis, A., Trincherini, E. and Villadoro, G. (2007) Journal of High Energy Physics, 2007, 55. https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2007/05/055
- Qiu, T.T., Cai, Y.-F. and Zhang, X.M. (2008) Modern Physics Letters A, 23, 2787-2798. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732308026194
- Riess, A.G., Filippenko, A.V., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Diercks, A., Garnavich, P.M., Gilliland, R.L., Hogan, C.J., Jha, S., Kirshner, R.P., Leibundgut, B., Phillips, M.M., Reiss, D., Schmidt, B.P., Schommer, R.A., Smith, R.C., Spyromilio, J., Stubbs, C., Suntzeff, N.B. and Tonry, J. (1988) The Astronomical Journal, 116, 1009-1038. https://doi.org/10.1086/300499