According to the theory of general relativity and experiments with atomic clocks in gravitation field, presence of the field shall cause time dilation of clock at rest in the field. This means that the gravitation constant <i>G</i> is not a true physical constant, but rather a function of the location of the setup in the field when measuring the parameter. This is because the definition of <i>G</i> includes a unit of time, and duration of that time unit is influenced by clock’s location in the field. However, the theory assumes <i>a</i><i> </i><i>prior</i><i> </i>that <i>G</i><i> </i>shall remain constant in gravitation field, even though this may not be the case. On the other hand, relativistic gravitation phenomena can be derived without contradiction from a refined version of Newton’s law of gravitation that complies with Einstein’s law of mass-energy equivalence.
Hetherington, N.S. (1980) Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society , 21, 246-252.
Falco, E.E. (2005) New Journal of Physics , 7, Article No. 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/200
Einstein, A. (1916) Annalen Der Physik , 49, 769-822.
LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration, et al . (2016) Physical R e view Letters , 116, Article ID: 061102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102
Will, C.M. (2014) Living Reviews in Relativity , 17, Article No. 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12942/Irr-2014-4
Wang, Y. (2024) Journal of Modern Physics , 15, 550-595.
Einstein, A. (1905) Annalen der Physik , 323, 639-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19053231314
Luzum, B., Capitaine, N., Fienga, A., Folkner, W., Fukushima, T., Hilton, J., Hohenkerk, C., Krasinsky, G., Petit, G., Pitjeva, E., Soffel, M. and Wallace, P. (2011) C e lestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy , 110, 293-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4
NIMA (1984) Technical Report 8350.2 (WGS 84). 3rd Edition, National Imagery and Mapping Agency, Bethesda.
Newton, I. (1687) Philosophiae Nauralis Pincipia Mathematica. London.
Ashby, N. (2003) Living Reviews in Relativity , 6, 1.
Wang, Y. (2024) Journal of Modern Physics , 15, 634-673.
Misner, C.W., Thorne, K.S. and Wheeler, J.A. (1970) Gravitation. Freeman, New York.
Le Verrier, U.J.J. (1859) Compte Rendu Hebdomadaires des Séances de L ’ Académie des Sciences ( Paris ), 42, 379-383.
Nicholson, T.L., Campbell, S.L., Hutson, R.B., Marti, G.E., Bloom, B.J., McNally, R.L., Zhang, W., Barrett, M.D., Safronova, M.S., Strouse, G.F., Tew, W.L. and Ye, J. (2015) Nature Communications , 6, Article No. 6896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7896
Botermann, B., Bing, D., Geppert, C., Gwinner, G., Hänsch, T.W., Huber, G., Karpuk, S., Krieger, A., Kühl, T., Nörtershäuser, W., Novotny, C., Reinhardt, S., Sánchez, R., Schwalm, D., Stöhlker, T., Wolf, A. and Saathoff, G. (2014) Physical R e view Letters , 113, Article ID: 120405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.120405
Newell, D.B., Cabiati, F., Fischer, J., Fujii, K., Karshenboim, S.G., Margolis, H.S., de Mirandés, E., Mohr, P.J., Nez, F., Pachucki, K., Quinn, T.J., Taylor, B.N., Wang, M., Wood, B.M. and Zhang, Z. (2018) Metrologia , 55, L13-L16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aa950a