Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
The Origin of the Strong Force in Quantum Gravity
Cybernetic Micro Systems, Inc., San Gregorio, CA, USA
- 1 Cybernetic Micro Systems, Inc., San Gregorio, CA, USA
Journal of Modern Physics·Volume 16 (2025)·Pages 198–227·Published 17 January 2025·DOI10.4236/jmp.2025.161009
Copy link · social · email
Abstract
Quantum gravity is an attempt to resolve incompatibilities between general relativity and quantum theory. Primordial field theory incorporates gravity and electrodynamics and has derived fermion mass gap, half integral spin, and fractional charges. This paper extends PFT to hadron physics with a “solenoidal flux”-based explanation of quark confinement differing significantly from Lattice QCD “color flux”-based construction. The theory is presented qualitatively and used to predict hadronic and nuclear properties. Electrodynamic-based analogies help yield numerical results far more intuitively than corresponding QCD results. The origins of QCD and PFT are discussed. A more quantitative description of hadron dynamics is in progress.
KeywordsPrimordial FieldSolenoidal Flux-TubeLattice QCDHadron Form FactorDualitySelf-InteractionYang-Mills Gravity
- Armas, J. (2021) Conversations on Quantum Gravity. Cambridge University Press.
- Klingman, E.E. (2021) The Primordial Principle of Self-Interaction. Journal of Modern Physics , 12, 65-81. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2021.122007
- Gover, A.R., Kopiński, J. and Waldron, A. (2024) Stress and Geometry for Isotropic Singularities. Physical Review Letters , 133, Article ID: 011401. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.011401
- Hayrapetyan, A. (2024) Tri-Jet Resonances in Proton-Proton Collisions at = 13 TeV. Physical Review Letters , 133, Article ID: 011801.
- Kadan, S. (2024) Searches for Supersymmetry (SUSY) at the Large Hadron Collider. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16922
- Zee, A. (2003) Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell. Princeton Univ. Press.
- Feynman, R. (1995) Feynman Lectures on Gravitation. Westview Press.
- Consa, O. (2021) Something Is Wrong in the State of QED. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.02078
- Davies, C. (2005) Lattice QCD—A Guide for People Who Want Results.
- Durr, S. (2009) Ab Initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses.
- Bicudo, et al . (2018) Color Field Densities of Quark-Antiquark Excited Flux Tubes in Lattice QCD.
- Hayashi, Y. and Tanizaki, Y. (2024) Unifying Monopole and Center Vortex as the Semiclassical Confinement Mechanism. Physical Review Letters , 133, Article ID: 171902. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.171902
- Hestenes, D. (1984) Geometric Calculus. https://dl.icdst.org/pdfs/files3/81425cd1cab12143a7b9140312f4f148.pdf
- Heaviside, O (1893) A Gravitational and Electromagnetic Analogy. The Electrician , 31, 81-88.
- Jefimenko, O. (2000) Causality, Electromagnetic Induction & Gravitation. 2nd Edition, Electret Scientific Co.
- Kerson Huang—Endow with New Attribute [Color].
- Brodsky, S., et al . (2024) The Secret to the Strongest Force in the Universe. Scientific American , May 2024.
- Smith, J. (2018) Rotational Energy as Mass in H3 + and Lower Limits on the Atomic Masses of D and 3 He. Physical Review Letters , 120, Article ID: 143002.
- Klingman, E.E. (2024) The Origin of Electric Charge in Quantum Gravity. Journal of Modern Physics , 15, 511-535. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2024.154025