Two-Flavor Multi-Excitation Model of Quarks

Abstract

To fully address how quarks get decayed and excited, how particles are formed and generated, and how they interact and transmute, a two-flavor (up & down) multi-excitation (ground & excited) quark model is developed. Based on the author’s well-developed innovative four-element theory of nature, the fundamental weak force is surprisingly found to be an interaction between electric and color charges in analogy to the strong force between color charges and the electromagnetic force between electric charges. As a quark is a combination of mass, electric charge, and color charge, the extremely short-range weak force occurs effectively inside quark between its electric and color charges and causes quark’s quantized states relaxation (or decay) and excitation via emitting and absorbing quark-antiquark pairs. Leptons are products rather than direct participants of the weak interaction. They are formed from charge annihilations of quarks and antiquarks. A quark has a maximum of eight possible ways to combine with an antiquark and form various particles including mesons, leptons, gluons, Weyl fermions, and photons via different level annihilations. This quark model considers the conventional four heavy flavor quarks: charm, strange, top, and bottom to be the second and third excited states of up and down quarks. Combinations of quarks and antiquarks up to the third excited states can form thousands of different particles, more than currently discovered in nature and from labs. In collisions, leptons would be disintegrated into quarks and antiquarks, which get excited and recombine to form other particles. Collisions of hadrons would excite their quarks and form also various other particles. The higher the energy of collisions is, the more particles are generated.