A Muon Model Derived from a Semi-Classical Electron Model
- 1 Independent Researcher, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Abstract
In the author’s previous publications, a model for the electron was proposed, consisting of an outer shell, having positive mass and negative charge, and a central core, having negative mass and positive charge. In this publication, the muon is constructed by adding three mass quanta, each quantum having a mass of 1 2 α times the electron mass, to the electron mass. The resulting muon mass predicted by this model is only 0.1% less than the actual muon mass. This discrepancy is attributed to the omission of the mass of the muon neutrino, which is predicted to be 0.1095 MeV/c 2 , consistent with the measured upper limit of 0.15 MeV/c 2 . The muon radius is predicted to be 0.6% less than the electron radius. The muon mass is concentrated in a hollow shell, having an inside radius of 0.637167 times the muon radius. The muon charge is embedded in the outer surface of the mass shell. The predicted muon g-factor is exactly equal to the actual g-factor, to within the 9-significant figure precision of the calculations. The material embodying the mass of the muon appears to be the same as the material embodying the outer shell of the electron. This exact relationship enables the calculation of the radius of the central core negative mass. It can range from about 0.66 to 0.014 times the electron radius, depending on the core’s speed of rotation. The volume density of the electron’s central core negative mass ranges correspondingly from about 4 to 3 × 10 5 times greater than the density of the outer shell material. The radius of the central core positive charge is very much smaller than its mass radius, and is effectively zero. The electromagnetic pressure that helps to hold the electron together reverses polarity for the muon, and actually tends to push it apart. This could account for the tremendous difference in lifetimes between the two particles. The muon depends on the tensile strength of its material to hold it together.
- Young, A. (2022) A Novel Classical Model of the Free Electron. Journal of Modern Physics , 13, 1117-1127. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2022.137064
- Young, A. (2022) Resolving Electron Mass Inconsistency Using Negative Mass. Journal of Modern Physics , 13, 1287-1294. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2022.139077
- Young, A. (2023) Origin, Creation, and Splitting of the Electron. Journal of Modern Physics , 14, 1563-1577. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2023.1412090
- Young, A. (2023) An Electron Model Based on the Fine Structure Constant. Journal of Modern Physics , 14, 553-561. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2023.145031
- Young, A. (2024) Electron G-Factor Anomaly and the Charge Thickness. Journal of Modern Physics , 15, 435-447. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2024.154019
- Young, A. (2025) Mass and Magnetic Flux Quanta in the Electron. Journal of Modern Physics , 16, 676-685. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2025.165037
- NIST (2022) Fundamental Physical Constants: Fine-Structure Constant. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?alph
- NIST (2022) Fundamental Physical Constants: Planck constant. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h
- NIST (2022) Fundamental Physical Constants: Speed of Light in Vacuum. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c
- NIST (2022) Fundamental Physical Constants: Electron Mass. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me|search_for=electron+mass
- NIST (2022) Fundamental Physical Constants: Elementary Charge. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e
- NIST (2022) Fundamental Physical Constants: Classical Electron Radius. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?re
- NIST (2022) Fundamental Physical Constants: Electron Magnetic Moment. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?muem
- Alpert, B.K., et al . (2025) Most Stringent Bound on Electron Neutrino Mass Obtained with a Scalable Low Temperature Microcalorimeter Array. https://arxiv.org/html/2503.19920v1