Formation of Nonaquarks and Mysteries of Antimatter and Dark Matter

Abstract

Two biggest mysteries that have been puzzling scientists for many decades are the baryon asymmetry and the origin of dark matter. To solve why the present universe is significantly missing antimatter but is fully filled with dark matter, we have examined how hadronic particles were produced from combinations of quarks and antiquarks in the early universe after the end of the quark epoch. It is shown that, in addition to the normal baryons formed by a direct color-charge binding of three quarks, a special type of superhadron baryons, called to nonaquarks, could be formed via a two-level color-charge binding of three quarks and six antiquarks in the early universe. The lowest energy state neutral nonaquarks, named as superons, which are formed from the first-generation ( i.e. , up and down) or lowest state quarks and antiquarks can be an appropriate candidate of dark matter particles—weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). These nonaquarks formed from the combinations of quarks with twice number of antiquarks provide us a possible solution for both the mysteries of the baryon asymmetry and dark matter’s origin.