Dark Energy from Kaluza-Klein Spacetime and Noether’s Theorem via Lagrangian Multiplier Method

Abstract

The supposedly missing dark energy of the cosmos is found quantitatively in a direct analysis without involving ordi nary energy. The analysis relies on five dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime and a Lagrangian constrained by an auxil iary condition. Employing the Lagrangian multiplier method, it is found that this multiplier is equal to the dark energy of the cosmos and is given by where E is energy, m is mass, c is the speed of light, and λ is the Lagrangian multiplier. The result is in full agreement with cosmic measurements which were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics as well as with the interpretation that dark energy is the energy of the quantum wave while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle. Conse quently dark energy could not be found directly using our current measurement methods because measurement lead s to wave collapse leaving only the quantum particle and its ordinary energy intact.