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On the Heisenberg and Schrödinger Pictures
Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- 1 Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- 2 Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- 3 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
Journal of Modern Physics·Volume 05 (2014)·Pages 171–176·Published 24 March 2014·DOI10.4236/jmp.2014.55027
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Abstract
A quantum theory for a one-electron system can be developed in either Heisenberg picture or Schrodinger picture. For a many-electron system, a theory must be developed in the Heisenberg picture, and the indistinguishability and Pauli’s exclusion principle must be incorporated. The hydrogen atom energy levels are obtained by solving the Schrodinger energy eigenvalue equation, which is the most significant result obtained in the Schrodinger picture. Both boson and fermion field equations are nonlinear in the presence of a pair interaction.
KeywordsHeisenberg and Schrödingier PicturesMany-Particle SystemsIndistinguishabilitySecond QuantizationPauli’s Exclusion Principle
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