Experimental Validation and Simulation of Fourier and Non-Fourier Heat Transfer Equation during Laser Nano-Phototherapy of Lung Cancer Cells: An <i>in Vitro</i> Assay

Abstract

This paper investigated the numerical scheme extended to solve the hyperbolic non-Fourier form of bioheat transfer equation and the experimental trials were conducted to validate the numerical simulation. MNPs were prepared via co-precipitation and modified with a silica layer. The amino modified Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 nanoshells were covered with gold colloids producing nanoshells of Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /Au (MNSs). In vitro assays were performed to determine the effect of apoptosis of QU-DB lung cancer cells based on the cells morphology changes. Cell damage was reduced by decreasing the power density of laser. Also, a larger area of damage on cell culture plates was observed at longer intervals of laser irradiation. The effect of nanoshell concentration and irradiation rate has been evaluated. A maximum temperature rise of 6°C was achieved at 184 W/cm 2 and concentration of 0.01 mg/ml. The experiment confirmed a hyperbolic behaviour of thermal propagation. The results revealed that the three-dimensional implementation of bioheat equation is likely to be more accurate than the two-dimensional study.