Newton’s Gravitational Constant Big G Is Not a Constant
- 1 Horandstrasse, Jever, Germany
Abstract
Newton’s gravitational constant Big O G, appearing in both Newton’s law of gravity and Einstein’s general relativity, is essential for our today’s understanding of gravity. Thus far, despite of the very long history of measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant Big O G, a definite value is still not in sight. Surprisingly, the results of different experiments have varied by much more than would be expected due to systematic or random errors. Why do measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant Big O G vary so much? The purpose of this publication is to provide a logically and mathematically self-consistent theoretical proof that Newton’s gravitational constant Big O G is not a constant.
- Newton, I. (1686) Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Pepys, Londini, 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-1237
- Cavendish, H. (1798) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 88, 469-526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1798.0022
- Holding, S.C. and Tuck, G. (1984) Nature, 307, 714-716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/307714a0
- Holding, S.C., Stacey, E.D. and Tuck, G. (1986) Physical Review D: Particles and Fields, 33, 3487-3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.33.3487
- Hsui, A.T. (1987) Science, 237, 881-883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4817.881
- Stacey, E.D. and Tuck, G. (1981) Nature, 292, 230-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/292230a0
- Ander, M.E., et al. (1989) Physical Review Letters, 62, 985-988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.985
- Gershteyn, M.L., et al. (2004) Gravitation & Cosmology, 8, 243-246.
- Barukcic, I. (2015) International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, 5, 126-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijapm.2015.5.2.126-136
- Einstein, A. (1905) Annalen der Physik, 323, 639-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19053231314
- Einstein, A. (1907) Annalen der Physik, 328, 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19073280713
- Einstein, A. (1918) Annalen der Physik, 55, 241-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19183600402
- Lewis, G.N. and Tolman, R.C. (1909) Proceedings of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences, 44, 709-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20022495
- Einstein, A. (1905) Annalen der Physik, 322, 904.
- Einstein, A. (1905) Annalen der Physik, 322, 893.
- Einstein, A. (1905) Annalen der Physik, 322, 898.
- Einstein, A. (1905) Annalen der Physik, 322, 903.
- Barukcic, I. (2013) International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, 3, 387-391. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJAPM.2013.V3.242
- Einstein, A. (1916) Annalen der Physik, 354, 769-822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19163540702
- Zitrin, A., Labbé, I., Belli, S., Bouwens, R., Ellis, R.S., Roberts-Borsani, G., Stark, D.P., Oesch, P.A. and Smit, R. (2015) The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 810, Article ID: l12.