Higgs Field and Gauge Invariance in Spacetime Transformations

Abstract

The concepts of the mass charge and the Higgs potential are proposed. The generation of the Higgs potential is a mutation, and the particles’ masses originate from the mechanism that the particles with mass charges obtain static energies under the potential, and the energies are regarded as the potential energies of the particles in the Higgs field, shared jointly by the field and the particles. The mass charge as an intrinsic property of a particle cannot change with its motion, and the potential’s change obeys the Lorentz transformation. When time warps the massless particles get masses, which are tensors. There is gauge invariance in the self-similar transformations of the spacetime, resulting in superlight and the cosmic inflation with the maximum speed more than five times light velocity, and the universe has been so far expanding at the superlight speed due to the dark energies (two thirds of the universe energies). An explicit figure for the creation of four types of Higgs fields is drawn. The orders of magnitudes of three characteristic temperatures relating to the time phase transitions are estimated. Finally, the effect of the Higgs field on the weak interaction and the spins’ chirality is discussed.