Techno-Economic Stepwise Analysis Approach for Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Zambian Corn Stover: Environmental and Economic Implications

Abstract

The paper examined the techno-economic feasibility of bioethanol production from corn stover in Zambia using a stepwise analysis approach. The research integrated technical efficiency with economic viability to optimize bioethanol production while addressing environmental concerns. The analysis covered capital investment, operational costs, revenue projections, and environmental benefits associated with ethanol adoption. Findings indicated that a 50,000-liter-per-day bioethanol plant required an initial capital investment of $5.62 million, with an estimated production cost of $0.21 per liter. The payback period was projected at 2.78 years, demonstrating financial viability. Furthermore, the introduction of E10 blending in Zambia was expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 10%, improve air quality, and lower fuel costs. The projected pump price for blended fuel (E10) was estimated at $1.0762 per liter compared to the current gasoline price of $1.1724 per liter, reflecting an 8.2% reduction in fuel costs. Beyond economic gains, bioethanol adoption would significantly reduce carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions, contributing to a cleaner environment and improved public health. Additionally, the shift to E10 was estimated to cut carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) emissions by approximately 136,628.69 metric tons annually, supporting Zambia’s climate mitigation goals. The study highlighted bioethanol’s potential to enhance energy security, minimize petroleum dependency, and create economic opportunities for farmers and industries involved in bioethanol production.