Effect of Soaking Pre-Treatment on Reactive Extraction/<i>in situ</i> Transesterification of <i>Nannochloropsis occulata</i> for Biodiesel Production — Oak Academic Publishing
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Effect of Soaking Pre-Treatment on Reactive Extraction/<i>in situ</i> Transesterification of <i>Nannochloropsis occulata</i> for Biodiesel Production
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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School of Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
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School of Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
2 School of Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
3 School of Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
Microalgal phospholipid bilayer contributes to the molar excesses of methanol and high acid concentration required in reactive extraction to achieve high fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. This study reports an investigation into the effects of pre-soaking Nannochloropsis occulata in methanol at 600:1 and 1000:1 methanol to oil molar ratios prior to acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification at 8.5:1 and 15:1 H 2 SO 4 to oil molar ratios on the FAME yield. The results showed that the pre-soaked <i>Nannochloropsis occulata</i> produced a higher FAME yield at the two tested methanol to oil molar ratios and acid concentrations than the un-soaked, resulting in a reduction in methanol volume and acid concentration. A maximum FAME yield of 98.4% ± 1.3% was obtained for the pre-soaked <i>Nannochloropsis occulata</i> at 1000:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 15:1 H 2 SO 4 to oil molar ratio. Both the phosphorus mass balance and conversion of the isolated phospholipids into FAME revealed that pre-soaking solubilizes the phospholipid bilayer to some degree, and contributes to an increased FAME yield.
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