Bayesian Conjoint Analysis in Water Park Pricing: A New Approach Taking Varying Part Worths for Attribute Levels into Account — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Bayesian Conjoint Analysis in Water Park Pricing: A New Approach Taking Varying Part Worths for Attribute Levels into Account
Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
,
Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
1 Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
2 Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
Nowadays, the application of conjoint analysis for measuring customers’ preferences for goods and services is wide-spread in marketing. A sample of customers is confronted with fictive offers and asked for evaluations. From these responses part worths for attribute levels of the offers are estimated and used to develop an optimal design and pricing for an offer. However, especially in tourism, it can be observed that attribute importance not only differs between customers but also varies over a single customer’s usage situations and her/his mood. In this paper, we propose a measurement approach that respects this variation. Part worths are stochastically modeled and estimated using Bayesian procedures. The approach is applied to design and price a water park.
Wind, J., Green, P.E., Shifflet, D. and Scarbrough, M. (1989) Courtyard by Marriott: Designing a Hotel Facility with Consumer-Based Marketing Models. Interfaces, 19, 25-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.19.1.25
Haider, W. and Ewing, G.O. (1990) A Model of Tourist Choices of Hypothetical Caribbean Destinations. Leisure Sciences, 12, 33-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490409009513088
Huybers, T. (2003) Domestic Tourism Destination Choices—A Choice Modelling Analysis. International Journal of Tourism Research, 5, 445-459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.450
Kemperman, A., Borgers, A.W., Oppewal, H. and Timmermans, H.J. (2000) Consumer Choice of Theme Parks: A Conjoint Choice Model of Seasonality Effects and Variety Seeking Behavior. Leisure Sciences, 22, 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014904000272920
Kemperman, A., Borgers, A.W., Oppewal, H. and Timmermans, H.J. (2003) Predicting the Duration of Theme Park Visitors’ Activities: An Ordered Logit Model Using Conjoint Choice Data. Journal of Travel Research, 41, 375-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287503041004006
Chiam, M., Soutar, G. and Yeo, A. (2009) Online and Off-Line Travel Packages Preferences: A Conjoint Analysis. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 31-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.679
Dellart, B., Borgers, A. and Timmermans, H. (1995) A Day in the City: Using Conjoint Choice Experiments to Model Urban Tourists’ Choice of Activity Packages. Tourism Management, 16, 347-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(95)00035-M
Mazanec, J.A. (2002) Tourists’ Acceptance of Euro Pricing: Conjoint Measurement with Random Coefficients. Tourism Management, 23, 245-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00086-3
Huertas-Garcia, R., Laguna Garcia, M. and Consolation, C. (2012) Conjoint Analysis of Tourist Choice of Hotel Attributes Presented in Travel Agent Brochures. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16, 65-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1899
Selka, S. and Baier, D. (2014). Kommerzielle Anwendung auswahlbasierter Verfahren der Conjointanalyse: Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Validitätsentwicklung. Marketing Zeitschrift für Forschung und Praxis, 1, 54-64.
Baier, D. and Polasek, W. (2003) Market Simulation Using Bayesian Procedures in Conjoint Analysis. In: Schwaiger, M. and Opitz, O., Eds., Exploratory Data Analysis in Empirical Research, Springer, Berlin, 413-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55721-7_42
Baier, D. and Gaul, W. (2007) Market Simulation Using a Probabilistic Ideal Vector Model for Conjoint Data. In: Gustafsson, A., Herrmann, A. and Huber, F., Eds., Conjoint Measurement: Methods and Applications, Springer, Berlin, 97-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71404-0_3
Green, P.E., Krieger, A.M. and Wind, Y. (2001) Thirty Years of Conjoint Analysis: Reflections and Prospects. Interfaces, 31, 56-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.31.3s.56.9676
Green, P.E. and Srinivasan, V. (1978) Conjoint Analysis in Consumer Research: Issues and Outlook. Journal of Consumer Research, 5, 103-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/208721
Sawtooth Software (2013) Results of 2013 Sawtooth Software User Survey. http://www.sawtoothsoftware.com/about-us/news-and-events/sawtooth-solutions/ss35-cb
Desarbo, W.S., Ramaswamy, V. and Cohen, S.H. (1995) Market Segmentation with Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis. Marketing Letters, 6, 137-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994929
Louviere, J.J. and Woodworth, G. (1983) Design and Analysis of Simulated Consumer Choice or Allocation Experiments: An Approach Based on Aggregate Data. Journal of Marketing Research, 20, 350-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151440
Ben-Akiva, M. and Lerman, S.R. (1985) Discrete Choice Analysis: Theory and Application to Travel Demand. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Ben-Akiva, M., Mcfadden, D., Abe, M., Böckenholt, U., Bolduc, D. and Gopinath, D. (1997) Modelling Methods for Discrete Choice Analysis. Marketing Letter, 8, 273-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007956429024
Sawtooth Software (2013) The CBC System for Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis. Version 8, Sawtooth Software. http://www.sawtoothsoftware.com/download/techpap/cbctech.pdf
Sawtooth Software (2013) The CBC/HB System for Hierarchical Bayes Estimation. Version 5.0, Technical Paper. http://www.sawtoothsoftware.com/download/techpap/hbtech.pdf
Baier, D. (2014) Bayesian Methods for Conjoint Analysis-Based Predictions: Do We Still Need Latent Classes? Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 103-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01264-3_9
Otter, T., Tüchler, R. and Frühwirth-Schnatter, S. (2004) Capturing Consumer Heterogeneity in Metric Conjoint Analysis Using Bayesian Mixture Models. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21, 285-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.11.002
European Waterpark Association (2014) Waterparks in Germany. http://www.freizeitbad.de/en/waterparks/waterparks-overview/germany.html
Schroeder, H.W. and Louviere, J. (1999) Stated Choice Models for Predicting the Impact of User Fees at Public Recreation Sites. Journal of Leisure Research, 31, 300-324.
Jurowski, C. and Gursoy, D. (2004) Distance Effects on Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31, 296-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.12.005
Moutinho, L. (1988) Amusement Park Visitor Behavior—Scottish Attitudes. Tourism Management, 9, 291-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(88)90003-9
Nicolau, J.L. and Mas, F.J. (2006) The Influence of Distance and Prices on the Choice of Tourist Destinations: The Moderating Role of Motivations. Tourism Management, 27, 982-996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.09.009
Milmann, A. (2001) The Future of the Theme Park and Attraction Industry: A Management Perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 40, 139-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728750104000204
Morley, C.L. (1994) Discrete Choice Analysis of the Impact of Tourism Prices. Journal of Travel Research, 33, 8-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728759403300202
Nicolau, J.L. (2008) Characterizing Tourist Sensitivity to Distance. Journal of Travel Research, 47, 43-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287507312414
Pracejus, J.W. and Olsen, G.D. (2004) The Role of Brand/Cause Fit in the Effectiveness of Cause-Related Marketing Campaigns. Journal of Business Research, 57, 635-640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00306-5
Stevens, B.F. (1992) Price Value Perceptions of Travelers. Journal of Travel Research, 31, 44-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728759203100208
Thach, S.V. and Axinn, C.N. (1994) Patron Assessments of Amusement Park Attributes. Journal of Travel Research, 32, 51-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728759403200308
Mueller, H. and Kaufmann, E.L. (2001) Wellness Tourism: Market Analysis of a Special Health Tourism Segment and Implications for the Hotel Industry. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7, 5-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135676670100700101