Irrigation Practices and Pumping Systems in Senegal’s Niayes Region: Challenges and Prospects for Renewable Energy Adoption

Abstract

Irrigated agriculture in Niayes region of Senegal is constrained by high energy costs and inefficient water resource management, compounded by climate-related vulnerabilities. This study explores the potential for transitioning from fossil fuel dependence to renewable energy as a pathway to sustainable agricultural systems and improved food security. A comprehensive evaluation of irrigation and water-pumping practices was conducted, focusing on energy sources and the feasibility of renewable energy integration. Data were collected through surveys of 300 market gardeners across the northern, central, and southern zones of the region, with statistical analyses (Chi 2 tests at 5% significance and Cramer’s V index) used to identify key drivers of producer choices. Results reveal significant spatial variability in practices: in the northern zone, 61% of farmers employ drip irrigation and 44% utilize solar pumps, while in the southern zone, 38% rely on hose irrigation and 48% on fuel pumps. Energy costs remain a major constraint across all zones, cited by 61% of producers. The findings highlight the critical role of renewable energy, particularly solar, in building climate-resilient production systems and promoting sustainable resource management within the water-energy-food nexus. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability in similar agroclimatic contexts.