Wastewater from Social Housing Networks as a Reservoir of Antibiotic-Resistant Vibrio : Phenotypic Identification and Seasonal Variability in Yaoundé, Cameroon — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Wastewater from Social Housing Networks as a Reservoir of Antibiotic-Resistant Vibrio : Phenotypic Identification and Seasonal Variability in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management, Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroun
,
Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Department of Microbiology, University of Yaounde 1, Faculty of Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon
,
Medical Analysis and Application Laboratory, Higher Institute of Health Science, Technician and Management of Garoua (ISSTSM), Garoua, Cameroon
1 Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
2 Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
3 Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
4 Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
5 Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
6 Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
7 Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
8 Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management, Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroun
9 Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
10 Department of Microbiology, University of Yaounde 1, Faculty of Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon
11 Medical Analysis and Application Laboratory, Higher Institute of Health Science, Technician and Management of Garoua (ISSTSM), Garoua, Cameroon
A study was carried out to search for bacteria of the genus Vibrio in the effluents of the social housing networks (called SIC camps) in the city of Yaoundé. Wastewater samples were taken at various points in the SIC camps in selected locations in Yaoundé. In total, seven sampling points were selected. Bacteria were isolated on TCBS (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose) medium on a Petri dish using the surface spread technique. Standard analytical techniques were used to measure some abiotic parameters. Susceptibility testing to ten antibiotics was performed on 29 Vibrio isolates (19 dry season isolates and 10 wet season isolates). The species identified were V. cholerae , V. alginolyticus , V. parahaemolyticus , V. vulnificus and V. mimicus . The abundance of these bacteria varied between 0 and 4.40 log CFU/mL. V. parahaemolyticus was the most abundant species. Thus, their abundance has undergone spatio-temporal and seasonal variations and seems to be weakly influenced by the physico-chemical parameters considered in this study. The susceptibility of bacteria to ten antibiotics (ceftazidime, colistin, gentamicin, doxycycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin + ac. clavulanic and cefotaxime) was carried out on 29 isolates ( i.e. , 19 isolates in the dry season and 10 isolates in rainy season) of Vibrio. In the dry season, the highest resistance rate was that of V. cholerae (60%) while in the rainy season, the highest resistance rate was that of V. alginolyticus (70%). In addition, the species identified have multi-resistance ranging from 2 to 7 different antibiotics.
Wethé, J., Radoux, M. and Tanawa, E. (2003) Assainissement des eaux usées et risques socio—Sanitaires et environnementaux en zones d’habitat planifié de Yaoundé (Cameroun). Ve rtigO , 4, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4000/vertigo.4741
Nyembe, E.G., Yogback, G.E., Kana, C., Tiafack, O., Ngoufo Tchinda, G.M. and Esse Ndjeng, M. (2021) State of Sanitation of Wastewater and Excreta in the Odza Watershed in the Peri-Urban Area of Yaoundé and Impact on the Urban Environment. Canadian Journal of Tropical Geography , 8, 7-12.
Koné, D. (2002) Epuration des eaux usées par lagunage à microphytes et à macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes) en Afrique de l’Ouest et du centre: Etat des lieux, performances épuratoires et critères de dimensionnement. Master’s Thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne.
Tamatchow Kweyang, B., Fotsing Kwetche, P., Njine, T., Nola, M. and Djogo, P. (2010) Quelques facteurs déterminant la distribution des bactéries du genre Vibrio dans l’environnement aquatique de Yaoundé, Cameroun. Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology , 5, 96-103. https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v5i2.51946
Todedji, J., Degbey, C., Soclo, E., Yessoufou, A., Hounfodji, J.W., Goudjo, F., et al. (2020) Microbiological Quality of the Effluents Produced by the University and Hospital Centres in the Department of Littoral, Republic of Benin. Open Journal of Epidemiology , 10, 66-80. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojepi.2020.101006
Tamsa Arfao, A., Fils Onana, M., Koji, E., Marlyse Moungang, L., Vivien Noah Ewoti, O., Brice Tchuimaleu Emadjeu, J., et al. (2021) Using Principal Component Analysis to Assess Water Quality from the Landing Stages in Coastal Region. American Journal of Water Resources , 9, 23-31. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajwr-9-1-4
WHO (World Health Organization) (2022) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality: Incorporating the First and Second Addenda. 1050.
Tamatcho Kweyang, B.P., Fotsing Kwetche, P.R., Nougang, M.E., Zébazé Togouet, S.H. and Njiné, T. (2012) Species Richness and Spatial Distribution of Pathogenic Vibrios (Bacteria, Vibrionaceae) in Tropical Surface Waters: Case of the Yaoundé Metropolis (Cameroon, Central Africa). Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences , 1, 584-591.
Signe, M.J., Lontsi, D.C., Mamouore, N.A., Eheth, J.S., Tchakonté, S., Tamsa, A.A., Ateba, B.H., Bricheux, G., Nola, M. and Sime-Ngando, T. (2015) Assessment of the Potential Effect of Some Stream’s Properties on the Isolated Aeromonas Hydrophyla Strains Susceptibility against Some β Lactams and Sulfamids. Research in Biotechnology , 6, 33-44.
Rodier, J., Legube, B., Marlet, N. and Brunet, R. (2009) Water Analysis. 9th Edition, Dunod.
America Public Health Association (APHA) (2009) Standard Methods for the Ex-amination of Water and Wastewater. APHA AWWAWPCF.
Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T. and Williams, S.T. (2000) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 9th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 250-274.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966) Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology , 45, 493-496. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493
CASFM (Comité de l’Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie) (2023) CA-SFM/EUCAST 2023, Société Française de Microbiologie, 177.
NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) (2002) Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals. Approved Standard, Second Edition, M31-A2.
CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) (2018) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. CLSI Approved Standard M100-S15. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
Abdi, H. and Williams, L.J. (2010) Principal Component Analysis. WIREs Computational Statistics , 2, 433-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.101
Tamatcho Kweyang, B.P., Tamsa Arfao, A., Fotsing Kwetche, P.R., Moungang, L.M., Onana, M.F., Tchakonté, S., Nougang, M.E., Noah Ewoti, O.V. and Aghain-dum, A.G. (2021) Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Vibrio cholerae O1 Isolated from Tropical Waters: A Contribution to the Prevention of Cholera in the Equatorial Region. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences , 9, 599-606.
Antoine, T.A., Mamert, F.O., Luciane, M.M., Joel, B.T.E., Blandine, P.T.K., Olive, V.N.E., et al. (2021) Distribution Patterns of Vibrionaceae Abundance on the Landing Stages in Coastal Area: Understanding the Influence of Physicochemical Variables by Using Multiple Linear Regression Models and Corrgram for Matrix Correlation. African Journal of Microbiology Research , 15, 304-317. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9530
Baleng, S.D., Noah, E.O., Son, S., Metsopkeng, C.S., Djiala, T.M., Nyegue, M., Nola, M., et al. (2022) Spatio-Temporal Variation of Bacteria of the Vibrio and Pseudomonas Genera in Some Underground Water Points Developed in the Locality of Ombessa (Department of Mbam-et-Inoubou, Center-cameroon). International Journal of Scientific Research Updates , 4, 7-24. https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.2.0144
Eddabra, R. (2011) Evaluation of Bacteriological Contamination of Wastewater from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Greater Agadir: Isolation, Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance of Species of the Vibrio Genus. Master’s Thesis, University of Strasbourg.
Guévart, E., Solle, J., Mouangue, A., Noeske, J., Bita, A., Fonkoua, M., et al. (2006) Évolution de la sensibilité de Vibrio cholerae 01 après utilisation prolongée d’antibiotiques en traitement et en prophylaxie au cours de l’épidémie de choléra de Douala (Cameroun) 2004. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses , 36, 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2005.11.020
Olukoya, D.K., Ogunjimi, A.A. and Abaelu, A.M. (1995) Plasmid Profiles and Anti-Microbial Susceptibility Patterns of Vibrio Cholerae 01 Strains during a Recent Outbreak in Nigeria. Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research , 13, 118-121.
Kruse, H., Sørum, H., Tenover, F.C. and Olsvik, Ø. (1995) A Transferable Multiple Drug Resistance Plasmid from Vibrio cholerae o1. Microbial Drug Resistance , 1, 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.1995.1.203
Iwanaga, M., Toma, C., Miyazato, T., Insisiengmay, S., Nakasone, N. and Ehara, M. (2004) Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by a Class I Integron and SXT Constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains Isolated in Laos. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , 48, 2364-2369. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.7.2364-2369.2004
Ahmed, A.M., Shinoda, S. and Shimamoto, T. (2005) A Variant Type of Vibrio cholerae SXT Element in a Multidrug-Resistant Strain of Vibrio fluvialis . FEMS Microbiology Letters , 242, 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.012
Vezzulli, L., Grande, C., Reid, P.C., Hélaouët, P., Edwards, M., Höfle, M.G., et al. (2016) Climate Influence on Vibrio and Associated Human Diseases during the Past Half-Century in the Coastal North Atlantic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 113, E5062-E5071. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609157113
Brenzinger, S., van der Aart, L.T., van Wezel, G.P., Lacroix, J., Glatter, T. and Briegel, A. (2019) Structural and Proteomic Changes in Viable but Non-Culturable Vibrio Cholerae. Frontiers in Microbiology , 10, Article 793. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00793
Njoya, A.M., Yogne, Y.P., Eheth, J.S., Mouafo Tamnou, E.B., Metsopkeng, C.S., Noah Ewoti, O.V., et al. (2021) Antibiotic Susceptibility of Four Enterobacteriaceae Strains (Enterobacter Cloacae, Citrobacter Freundii, Salmonella Typhi and Shigella Sonnei) Isolated from Wastewater, Surface Water and Groundwater in the Equatorial Zone of Cameroon (Central Africa). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews , 11, 120-137. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.1.0303
Huq, A., Sack, R.B., Nizam, A., Longini, I.M., Nair, G.B., Ali, A., et al. (2005) Critical Factors Influencing the Occurrence of vibrio Cholerae in the Environment of Bangladesh. Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 71, 4645-4654. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4645-4654.2005
Soto, W., Gutierrez, J., Remmenga, M.D. and Nishiguchi, M.K. (2008) Salinity and Temperature Effects on Physiological Responses of Vibrio Fischeri from Diverse Ecological Niches. Microbial Ecology , 57, 140-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9412-9
Douterelo, I., Dutilh, B.E., Calero, C., Rosales, E., Martin, K. and Husband, S. (2020) Impact of Phosphate Dosing on the Microbial Ecology of Drinking Water Distribution Systems: Fieldwork Studies in Chlorinated Networks. Water Research , 187, Article ID: 116416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116416