Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
BOD Exertion and OD600 Measurements in Presence of Heavy Metal Ions Using Microbes from Dairy Wastewater as a Seed
- 1
- 2
Journal of Water Resource and Protection·Volume 02 (2010)·Pages 478–488·Published 27 May 2010·DOI10.4236/jwarp.2010.25055
Copy link · social · email
Abstract
BOD measurements in presence of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver and cadmium are reported using wastewater from dairy industry as a seed. Extent of inhibition in BOD is studied for variables like, concen-tration of metal ions (0.2 mM to 1.4 mM), pH (3 to 8) and temperature of incubation (15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃). Results of BOD inhibition are supported by absorbance measurement (OD600) studies of microbial matter preserved in Luriya broth medium. OD measurement results are used to derive minimum inhibitory concentration, i.e., threshold concentration of each metal showing toxicity towards microbes. Sil-ver is found to be the most toxic element.
KeywordsBOD InhibitionMetal IonsOD600MicrobesDairy Wastewater
- A. Hufschmid, K. Becker-Van Slooten, A. Strawczynski, P. Vioget, S. Parra, P. Péringer and C. Pulgarin, “BOD5 Measurements of Water Presenting Inhibitory Cu2+ Im-plications in Using of BOD to Evaluate Biodegradability of Industrial Wastewater,” Chemosphere, Vol. 50, No. 1, January 2003, pp. 171-176.
- A. K. Shrivastava, J. Swaroop and N. Jain, “Effect of Seed on BOD Exertion,” Indian Journal of Environ-mental Health, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2000, pp. 75-78.
- S. K. Mittal and R. K. Ratra, “Toxic Effect of Heavy Metal Ions on BOD,” Water Research, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2000, pp. 147-152.
- K. Reidal, K. P. Lange, H. J. Stein, M. Kühn, P. Ott and F. Scheller, “A Microbial Sensor for BOD,” Water Research, Vol. 24, No. 7, July 1990, pp. 883-887.
- Y. R. Li and J. Chu, “Study of BOD Microbial Sensors for Wastewater Treatment Control,” Applied Biochemis-try and Biotechnology, Vol. 28-29, No. 1, March 1991, pp. 855-864.
- F. Li and T. C. Tan, “Effect of Heavy Metal Ions on the Efficacy of a Mixed Bacilli BOD Sensor,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 9, No. 4-5, 1994, pp. 315-324.
- F. Li and T. C. Tan, “Monitoring BOD in the Presence of Heavy Metal Ions Using a Poly(4-vinylpyridiene)-Coated Microbial Sensor,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 9, No. 6, 1994, pp. 445-455.
- M. Ajmala, A. Ahmada and A. A. Nomania, “Microbial Uptake of Cadmium and its Effects on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand at Various Temperatures,” Water Re-search, Vol. 16, No. 12, 1982, pp. 1611-1614.
- K. Pilegaard, “Heavy Metals in Bulk Precipitation and Transplanted Hypogymnia Physodes and Dicranoweisia Cirrata in the Vicinity of a Danish Steelworks,” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 11, No. 1, January 1979, pp. 67-71.
- H. G. Baity, “Some Factors Affecting the Aerobic De-composition of Sewage Sludge Deposits,” Sewage Works Journal, Vol. 10, 1938, pp. 539-568.
- I. Feldman, “Use and Abuse of pH Measurements,” Ana-lytical Chemistry, Vol. 28, No. 12, 1956, pp. 1859-1866.
- M. Ajmal, A. Ahmad and A. A. Nomani, “Microbial Uptake of Cadmium and its Effects on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand at Various Temperatures,” Water Re-search, Vol. 16, No. 12, 1982, pp. 1611-1614.
- D. H. Nies, “Microbial Heavy Metal Resistance,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 51, No. 6, June 1999, pp. 730-750.
- K. Nicolette, H. W. Anton and M. Williem, “Detection and Characterization of Lactose-Utilizing Lactococcus spp. in Natural Ecosystems,” Applied and Environmental Mi-crobiology, Vol. 61, No. 2, February 1995, pp. 788-792.