Transport of Suspended Solids in Dammam (Saudi Arabia) Coastal Areas: Fish Market Works
- 1
Abstract
Some new projects are considered in the eastern coasts of Dammam city, Saudi Arabia Dredging operations would significantly alter coast hydrological and sediment transport processes. It is important that the project areas must keep flushing the fresh sea water in and out with good water quality parameters, which are currently facing increased pressure from urbanization and navigation requirements in conjunction with industrial developments. A suspended solids or sediments are expected to affect the flora and fauna in that area. A numerical modeling study in needed to study the effect of dredging and in particular the suspended sediments concentrations (mg/L) changed in the region. The results were obtained using finite element method and Newton-Raphson iterations.
- APHA, “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 18th Edition, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, DC, 1992.
- E.Hayter and A. J. Metha, “Modeling Cohesive Sediment Transport in Estuary Waters,” Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol. 10, No. 4, August 1986, pp. 294-303.
- L. C. van Rijn, H. van Rossum and P. Termes, “Field Verification of 2-D and 3-D Suspended-Sediment Models,” Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 116, No. 10, 1990, pp. 1270-1288.
- R. A. Falconer and B. Lin, “Three-Dimensional Modeling of Water Quality in the Humber Estuary,” Water Research, Vol. 31, No. 5, 1997, pp. 1092-1102.
- S. R. Fassnacht, “A Multi-Channel Suspended Sediment Transport Model for the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories,” Journal of Hydrologycal, Vol. 197, No. 1-4, 1997, pp. 128-145.
- H. A. Al-Rabai’ah, “Numerical Modelling of Water Flow in a Dead-End Tidal Inlet at Dammam Coastal Areas, Saudi Arabia,” Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2008, pp. 127-136.
- X. H. Chen, Y. Q. Chen and G. Y. Lai, “Modeling Transportation of Suspended Solids in Zhujiang River Estuary, South China,” Chinese Journal of Ocean and Lim, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2005, pp. 1-10.
- R. L. Kolar, J. J. Westerink, M. E. Cantekin and C. A. Blain, “Aspects of Nonlinear Simulations Using Shallow Water Models Based on the Wave Continuity Equation,” Computers and Fluids, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1994, pp. 523-538.
- A. M. Cialone, M. Amein and 1. Dynlet, “Model Formulation and User’s Guide,” U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Atlanta, 1993.
- H. A. Nasr-El-Din, A. M. Al-Mohammad, A. A. Al-Shu- rei, N. K. Merwat, M. M. Erbiland and M. Samuel, “Restoring the Injectivity of Water Disposal Wells Using a Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based Acid,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology, Vol. 54, No. 1-2, 2006, pp. 10-24.
- W. Parr, S. J. Clarke, P. Van Dijk and N. Morgan, “Turbidity in English and Welsh Tidal Waters,” 1998, WRc Report No. CO 4301/1 to English Nature.
- J. G. S. Pennekamp, R. J. C. Epskamp, W. F. Rosenbrand, A. Mullie, G. L. Wessel, T. Arts and I. K. Deibel, “Tur-bidity Caused by Dredging: Viewed in Perspective,” Terra et Aqua, Vol. 64, 1996, pp. 10-17.