Economic and Environmental Effects of Installing Distributed Energy Resources into a Household
- 1 Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- 2 Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract
Improving energy efficiency in the residential sector is a pressing issue in Japan. This study examines the economic and environmental impacts of introducing the following distributed energy resources: photovoltaics (PV), a fuel cell, and a battery. We estimate electricity and hot water demand profiles of a household by using simulated living activities. Electric power from a residential PV system is also calculated from the observed solar radiation. By using mixed integer programming, we perform a cost minimization operating simulation of a residential PV, fuel cell, and battery. The result suggests that we can create a net-zero energy house by installing both a PV system and a fuel cell into one house. On the other hand, using a battery with a fuel cell increases the household energy cost, and has few effects on CO 2 emission reduction.
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