Mass transit is essential to the movement of people in urban cities. A city that intends to be smart needs to integrate mass transit systems—buses, tramways, subways, and trains—with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to improve urban transport services. The objective of this study is to analyze the relation of mass transportation modes in smart cities with the technology applied to them. Thus, a literature review was conducted to identify scientific publications about the theme, and the textual mechanic analysis using Iramuteq software 4.0.3 was applied. This study cites the technologies incorporated into mass transportation modes presented in literature and describes the current scenario of smart and sustainable mobility for public transportation.
Akcin, M., Kaygusuz, A., Karabiber, A., Alagoz, S., Alagoz, B. B., & Keles, C. (2016). Opportunities for Energy Efficiency in Smart Cities. 4th International Istanbul Smart Grid Congress and Fair (ICSG) (pp. 1-5). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/SGCF.2016.7492425
Alavi, A. H., Jiao, P., Buttlar, W. G., & Lajnef, N. (2018). Internet of Things-Enabled Smart Cities: State-of-the-Art and Future Trend. Measurement, 129, 589-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.07.067
Alawadhi, S., Aldama-Nalda, A., Chourabi, H., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Leung, S., Mellouli, S., & Walker, S. (2012). Building Understanding of Smart City Initiatives. International Conference on Electronic Government (pp. 40-53). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33489-4_4
Anthopoulos, L., & Fitsilis, P. (2010). From Digital to Ubiquitous Cities: Defining a Common Architecture for Urban Development. 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Environments (pp. 301-306). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/IE.2010.61
Artieda, L. (2017). Smart Cities for All Digital Inclusion Maturity Model Launch: This Tool Will Become the First Maturity Model Targeted Specifically at Accessibility and Inclusion in Smart City Programs Worldwide. https://smartcities4all.org/20171030_Press_Release_WCD_Draft_XT_v12.php
Belhassen, H., Fresse, V., & Bourennane, E.-B. (2019). Comparative Study of Face and Person Detection Algorithms: Case Study of Tramway in Lyon. International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (pp. 154-159). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASET.2019.8871003
Buuse, D., & Kolk, A. (2019). An Exploration of Smart City Approaches by International ICT Firms. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 142, 220-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.029
Caragliu, A., & Del Bo, C. F. (2018). Smart Innovative Cities: The Impact of Smart City Policies on Urban Innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142, 373-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.022
Chen, Z., Khemmar, R., Decoux, B., Atahouet, A., & Ertaud, J.-Y. (2019). Real Time Object Detection, Tracking, and Distance and Motion Estimation Based on Deep Learning: Application to Smart Mobility. Eighth International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies (pp. 1-6). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/EST.2019.8806222
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T., & Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework. Anais do XLV Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2289-2297). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.615
Clarke, R.Y. (2013) Smart Cities and the Internet of Everything: The Foundation for Delivering Next-Generation Citizen Services. VA: Tech. Rep., Alexandria.
Correa, G., Muñoz, P. M., & Rodriguez, C. R. (2019). A Comparative Energy and Environmental Analysis of a Diesel, Hybrid, Hydrogen and Electric Urban Bus. Energy, 187, Article ID: 115906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.115906
Cugurullo, F. (2018). The Origin of the Smart City Imaginary: From the Dawn of Modernity to the Eclipse of Reason. In C. Lindner, & M. Meissner (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Urban Imaginaries. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315163956-9
Dirks, S., Gurdgiev, C., & Keelin, M. (2020). Smarter Cities for Smarter Growth. IBM Global Business Services. Executive Report, Government. https://www.zurich.ibm.com/pdf/isl/infoportal/IBV_SC3_report_GBE03348USEN.pdf
Droege, P. (1997). Intelligent Environments—Spatial Aspect of the Information Revolution. Elsevier.
Ferguson, M., Mohamed, M., & Maoh, H. (2019). On the Electrification of Canada’s Vehicular Fleets: National-Scale Analysis Shows That Mindsets Matter. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 7, 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2019.2925763
Gabbar, H. A., Othman, A. M., Pino, F., & Repetto, M. (2020). Improved Performance of Flywheel Fast Charging System (FFCS) Using Enhanced Artificial Immune System (EAIS). IEEE Systems Journal, 14, 824-831. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2019.2892002
Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichlermilanovic, N., & Meijers, E. (2007). Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities. Centre of Regional Science (SRF), Vienna University of Technology.
Hall, R. E., Bowerman, B., Braverman, J., Taylor, J., Todosow, H., & von Wimmersperg, U. (2000). The Vision of a Smart City. Proceedings of the 2nd International Life Extension Technology Workshop (pp. 1-16). Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Hatuka, T., Rosen-Zvi, I., Birmhack, M., Toch, E., & Zur, H. (2018). The Political Premises of Contemporary Urban Concepts: The Global City, the Sustainable City, the Resilient City, the Creative City, and the Smart City. Planning Theory & Practice, 19, 160-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2018.1455216
He, Y. L., Liu, Z., & Song, Z. (2020). Optimal Charging Scheduling and Management for a Fast-Charging Battery Electric Bus System. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 142, Article ID: 102056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102056
Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the Real Smart City Please Stand Up? City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory. Policy and Action, 13, 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810802479126
ISO (2017). ISO 37122 Sustainable Development in Communities—Indicators for Smart Cities. https://www.iso.org/standard/69050.html
Jafari, M., Kavousi-Fard, A., Niknam, T., & Avatefipour, O. (2021). Stochastic Synergies of Urban Transportation System and Smart Grid in Smart Cities Considering V2G and V2S Concepts. Energy, 215, Article ID: 119054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119054
Jang, M. L., & Suh, S. (2010). U-City: New Trends of Urban Planning in Korea Based on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Geotechnology and Geoinformation. Computational Science, and Its Applications—ICCSA (pp. 262-270). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12156-2_20
Janik, A., Ryszko, A., & Szafraniec, M. (2020). Scientific Landscape of Smart and Sustainable Cities Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12, Article No. 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030779
Kadam, J., Patil, P., Kaith, K., Patil, D., & Sham (2018). Developing a Smart Bus for Smart City Using IOT Technology. Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (pp. 1138-1143). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECA.2018.8474819
Kang, L., Sun, H., Wu, J., & Gao, Z. (2020). Last Train Station-Skipping, Transfer-Accessible and Energy-Efficient Scheduling in Subway Networks. Energy, 206, 11812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118127
Ke, B.-R., Lin, Y.-H., Chen, H.-Z., & Fang, S.-C. (2020). Battery Charging and Discharging Scheduling with Demand Response for an Electric Bus Public Transportation System. Sustainable Energy Technologies, and Assessments, 40, Article ID: 100741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100741
Kim, B., Yoo, M., Park, K. C., Lee, K. R., & Kim, J. H. (2021). A Value of Civic Voices for Smart City: A Big Data Analysis of Civic Queries Posed by Seoul Citizens. Cities, 108, Article ID: 102941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102941
Komminos, N. (2006). The Architecture of Intelligent Cities. Conference Proceedings Intelligent Environments 06, Institution of Engineering and Technology (pp. 53-61).
Kylili, A., & Fokaides, P. A. (2015). European Smart Cities: The Role of Zero Energy Buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society, 15, 86-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.12.003
Lahlou, S. (2012). Text Mining Methods: An Answer to Chartier and Meunier. Papers on Social Representations, 20, 1-7.
Lee, J. H., Hancock, M. G., & Hu, M. (2014). Towards an Effective Framework for Building Smart Cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 80-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.033
Leem, C. S., & Kim, B. G. (2013). Taxonomy of Ubiquitous Computing Service for City Development. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 17, 1475-1483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-012-0583-5
Liberto, C., Valenti, G., Orchi, S., Lelli, M., Nigro, M., & Ferrara, M. (2018). The Impact of Electric Mobility Scenarios in Large Urban Areas: The Rome Case Study. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19, 3540-3549. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2018.2832004
Loy-Benitez, J., Li, Q., Nam, K., & Yoo, C. (2020). Sustainable Subway Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Fault-Tolerant Ventilation Control Using a Sparse Autoencoder-Driven Sensor Self-Validation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 52, Article ID: 101847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101847
Lv, Y., Lv, W., Ren, L., & Ouyang, Q. (2021). Optimizing the Bus Operation Plan Based on Deep Learning. Microprocessors and Microsystems, Article ID: 104042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2021.104042
Ma, X., Miao, R., Wu, X., & Liu, X. (2021). Examining Influential Factors on the Energy Consumption of Electric and Diesel Buses: A Data-Driven Analysis of Large-Scale Public Transit Network in Beijing. Energy, 216, 119-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119196
Mahmoud, M., Garnett, R., Ferguson, M., & Kanaroglou, P. (2016). Electric Buses: A Review of Alternative Powertrains. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 673-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.019
Majumder, S., De, K., Kumar, P., & Rayudu, R. (2019). A Green Public Transportation System Using E-Buses: A Technical and Commercial Feasibility Study. Sustainable Cities and Society, 51, Article ID: 101789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101789
Marchand, P., & Ratinaud, P. (2012). L’analyse de similitude appliqueé aux corpus textueles: les primaires socialistes pour l’election présidentielle francaise. Actes des 11eme Journées internationales d’Analyse statistique des Données Textuelles (pp. 687-699).
Meijeringa, J. V., Kern, K., & Tobi, H. (2014). Identifying the Methodological Characteristics of European Green City Rankings. Ecological Indicators, 43, 132-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.026
Meishner, F., Satvat, B., & Sauer, D. U. (2017). Battery Electric Buses in European Cities: Economic Comparison of Different Technological Concepts Based on Actual Demonstrations. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (pp. 1-6). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2017.8331012
Monzon, A. (2015). Smart Cities Concept and Challenges—Bases for the Assessment of Smart City Projects. Transport Research Centre, Universidad Politécnica of Madrid. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27753-0_2
Mouratidis, K., & Serrano, C. (2021). Autonomous Buses: Intentions to Use, Passenger Experiences, and Suggestions for Improvement. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 76, 321-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2020.12.007
Muthuselvi, M., Abi, M. A., Arthit, V. A., & Deivanayagi, M. S. (2019). An Intelligent Bus System Based on Internet of Things for Urban Environments. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering Environments, 7, 12-18. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i3.1218
Okoli, C., & Schabram, K. (2010). A Guide to Conducting a Standalone Systematic Literature Review. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37, 879-910. http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol37/iss1/43
Papa, R., Galderisi, A., Majello, M. C. V., & Sarreta, E. (2015). Smart and Resilient Cities: A Systemic Approach for Developing Cross-Sectoral Strategies in the Face of Climate Change. TeMa, Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 8, 19-49.
Petrolo, R., Loscri, V., & Milton, N. (2014). Towards a Smart City Based on Cloud of Thing. Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies for Smart Cities (pp. 61-66). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2633661.2633667
Piao, H., Duan, H., & Zhu, M. (2020). WITHDRAWN: Simulation of Urban Landscape around Subway Station Based on Machine Learning and Virtual Reality. Microprocessors and Microsystems, Article ID: 103495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103495
Piazza, G., Bracco, G., Siri, S., & Delfino, F. (2019). Integration of Electric Mobility Services within an Existing Polygeneration Microgrid. IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC/I&CPS Europe) (pp. 1-6). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC.2019.8783664
Popescu, C. L., & Popescu, M. O. (2013). Life in 2030-Brief Presentation from the IEEE Reviews. 8th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE) (pp. 1-4). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE.2013.6563359
Python (2021). https://www.python.org
Ramaprasad, A., Sánchez-Ortiz, A., & Syn, T. (2017). A Unified Definition of a Smart City. International Conference on Electronic Government (pp. 13-24). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64677-0_2
Retscher, G., & Bekenova, A. (2020). Urban Wi-Fi RSSI Analysis along a Public Transport Route for Kinematic Localization. IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) (pp. 1412-1419). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110240
Savchuk, I., & Nahornyi, T. (2020). Tramway as an Indicator of the Realisation of Smart City Concept. E3S Web of Conferences, 159, Article No. 05013. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015905013
Shaikh, M. K., Palaniappan, S., Khodadadi, T., Ali, S., & Ali, F. (2020). Using eBus Services Solution, Book Anywhere to Save Time. International Conference on Information Science and Communication Technology (ICISCT) (pp. 1-7). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISCT49550.2020.9080024
Software R (2021). https://www.r-project.org
Soni, S. R., & Upadhyay, C. D. (2016). Charge Management in HSS for E-Bus. International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES) (pp. 893-898). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/SCOPES.2016.7955571
Stechemesser, K., & Guenther, E. (2012). Carbon Accounting: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 36, 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.02.021
Steventon, A., & Wright, S. (2006). Intelligent Spaces: The Application of Pervasive ICT. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-429-8
Sujata, J., Sakasham, S., & Tanvi, G. (2016). Developing Smart Cities: An Integrated Framework. Procedia Computer Science, 93, 902-909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.258
Tesar, M., Berthold, K., Gruhler, J. P., & Gratzfeld, P. (2020). Design Methodology for the Electrification of Urban Bus Lines with Battery Electric Buses. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 2038-2055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.264
Toru, I., & Isbiste, R. K. (2000). Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences, and Future Perspectives. Springer.
Utriainem, R., & Pollanen, M. (2018). Review on Mobility as a Service in Scientific Publications. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 27, 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2018.10.005
Utsumi, H., Saito, K., Saito, A., Tanaka, K., & Ohmoto, H. (2013). E-Bus for Akita Prefecture, Japan. World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (pp. 1-4). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/EVS.2013.6914894
Velásquez, S. M. S. G., Moreira, J. R., Santos, S. A., & Coelho, S. T. (2011). Project BEST—Bioethanol for Sustainable Transport—And the Public Policies of Encouragement to Ethanol Usage. International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (pp. 4870-4873). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECENG.2011.6058111
Vernard, O., Baudoin, G., & Uzan, G. (2009). Field Experimentation of the RAMPE Interactive Auditive Information System for the Mobility of Blind People in Public Transport: Final Evaluation. 9th International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems Telecommunications (pp. 558-563). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2009.5399293
Wang, Y., Li, J., Han, P., & Han, Y. H. (2013). Modeling and Analysis on Coordinated Scheduling of E-Bus Recharging Station Participated Wind-Power Generation. In Proceedings of the 32nd Chinese Control Conference (pp. 8592-8596). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Washburn, D., Sindhu, U., Balaouras, S., Dines, R. A., Hayes, N., & Nelson, L. E. (2010). Helping CIOs Understand “Smart City” Initiatives. Forrester Research.
Yovanof, G. S., & Hazapis, G. N. (2009). An Architectural Framework and Enabling Wireless Technologies for Digital Cities & Intelligent Urban Environments. Wireless Personal Communications, 49, 445-463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9693-4
Zhang, C. (2017). Research on Optimal Configuration Model of City’s Bus Route Electrification. IEEE Conference on Energy Internet, and Energy System Integration (EI2) (pp. 1-6). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/EI2.2017.8245400
Zhang, C., Tao, J., & Cheng, Y. (2017). Research on Optimal Electrification Selection and Sequence Scheme Model of City’s Bus Routes. IEEE Conference on Energy Internet, and Energy System Integration (EI2) (pp. 1-6). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/EI2.2017.8245556