The Accumulation of Rural Human Capital Impacts on the Growth of Farmers’ Income<br/>—On the Intermediary Role of Rural Labor Force Marketization — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
The Accumulation of Rural Human Capital Impacts on the Growth of Farmers’ Income<br/>—On the Intermediary Role of Rural Labor Force Marketization
The influence of rural human capital accumulation on farmers’ income growth is a hot issue in academic circles. This paper, using the panel data from 31 Chinese provinces from 2005-2020, examines the direct impact of rural human capital on rural income growth and the indirect role of rural labor marketization in the impact of rural human capital accumulation on farmers’ income. The results show that the human capital reflected in education, health and migration plays a significant role in the increase of farmers’ income, Moreover, the marketization of rural labor force plays an intermediary role in the influence of education, health and migration of human capital on farmers’ income. In addition, there are regional differences in the impact of human capital on farmers’ income growth and the intermediary role of rural labor market.
KeywordsRural Human CapitalFarmers’ IncomeRural Labor Force MarketizationIntermediary Effect
Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2000). The Health and Wealth of Nation. Science, 287, 1207-1209. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5456.1207
Cai, F. (2018). Has the Potential of Agricultural Labor Transfer Been Exhausted? Rural Economy in China, No. 9, 2-13. (In Chinese)
Cai, L. (2010). The Relationship between Health and Labor Force Participation: Evidence from a Panel Data Simultaneous Equation Model. Labor Economics, 17, 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2009.04.001
Cai, L. X., & He, L. C. (2008). Study on the Relative Process of Region in China. The Economist, No. 2, 18-25. (In Chinese)
Chen, A. L., Zheng, Y. F., Xu, J. X., & Sun, X. Y. (2020). Study on the Poverty Reduction Effect of Rural Household Human Capital—The Mechanism of Non-Farm Employment. Research on Agricultural Modernization, 41, 84-92. (In Chinese)
Cheng, M., Shi, Q. H., & Jin, Y. H. (2014). Farmer Income Level, Structure and Influencing Factors—Empirical Analysis of Microscopic Data of Rural Fixed Observation Points. Quantitative Economic and Technical Economic Research, 31, 3-19. (In Chinese)
Cheng, M., Shi, Q. H., & Xu, X. X. (2006). An Explanation for the Motivation and Obstacles of Rural Labor Transfer in China. Economic Research, No. 4, 68-78. (In Chinese)
Cheo, R. (2016). Migrant Workers and Workplace Bullying in Urban China. Social Indicators Research, 132, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1214-0
Feng, T., Luo, X. W., & Xu, H. (2016). Research on Labor Market Distortion and Income Distribution Gap—Based on the Perspective of Urban-Rural “Dual” Structure. Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, 32, 24-37. (In Chinese)
He, Z. P., & Dong, H. X. (2018). Urban-Rural Comparison of the Impact of Human Capital on Personal Income—Investigation Based on CGSS2013 Data. Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science Edition), No. 4, 53-58. (In Chinese)
Hou, Z. K., Cao, W., Gao, Y., Wang, Q., & Yu, J. (2020). Study on the Impact of Human Capital Input on Farmers’ Income—Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Family Tracking Survey data. Forestry Economy, 42, 3-11. (In Chinese)
Hu, Z. G., Cao, J. H., & Long, H. (2018). Does the Rural Human Capital Transfer Expand the Urban-Rural Income Gap—Analysis Based on the Perspective of Level Effect, Self-Spillover Effect and Reverse Spillover Effect. Agricultural Technology and Economy, No. 11, 30-43. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.2307/1924268
Huffman, W. E. (1980). Farm and Off-Farm Work Decisions: The Role of Human Capital. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62, 14.
Jin, C. Q., & Zhu, S. H. (2010). The Impact of Rural Labor Force on Rural Employment for Farmers. Hebei Agricultural Science, 14, 146-148. (In Chinese)
Jing, W. (2013). Rural Marketization, Social Capital and Farmers’ Family Income Mechanism. Sociological Research, 28, 119-144+244. (In Chinese)
Lai, D. S. (1998) Education, the Labor Market, and Income Distribution. Economic Research, 43-50.
Laszlo, S. (2002). Education, Labor Supply and Market Development in Rural Peru. World Development, 36, 2421-2439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.04.001
Li, J. (2018). Study on the Coupling Effect of Rural Human Capital Investment and Farmers’ Income in the Five Provinces of Northwest China. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Management and Technology (Shanghai Ten-Day Journal), No. 4, 15-16. (In Chinese)
Liu, B. X., & Zhai, Y. (2017). Study on the Relationship between Human Capital Investment and Income of Chinese Farmers—Based on Panel VAR Model. Journal of Social Sciences of Harbin Normal University, 8, 90-94. (In Chinese)
Liu, C. J., & Jiang, W. Q. (2020). Study on the Influence of Rural Human Capital on Farmers’ Income Growth under the Rural Revitalization Strategy. Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Economy, No. 11, 12-21. (In Chinese)
Liu, M. H., & Liu, C. (2018). Study on the Threshold Effect of Human Capital Accumulation on Increasing Farmers’ Income. Soft Science, 32, 25-28+37. (In Chinese)
Liu, T. Y. (2014). The Effect, Current Situation and Path Selection of Rural Human Capital Investment in China. Research on Agricultural Modernization, 35, 70-74. (In Chinese)
Liu, X. Z., & Liu, Y. S. (2016). The Influence of Rural Human Capital Accumulation on the Growth of Farmers’ Income in the Process of Urbanization. Contemporary Economic Research, No. 6, 69-78. (In Chinese)
Lu, M., & Chen, Z. (2004). Urbanization, Urban-Prone Economic Policy and Urban-Ruralincome Gap. Economic Research, No. 6, 50-58. (In Chinese)
Lu, M., Zhang, S., & Sato, H. (2010) Can social capital still act as an insurance mechanism in the process of marketization?—Experience study on post-disaster consumption in rural China. World Economic Wenhui, 16-38.
Ma, W. W., & Liu, Q. (2019). Study on the Effect of Human Capital on Farmer Poverty Reduction from the Perspective of Heterogeneous Income. China’s Population, Resources and Environment, 29, 137-147. (In Chinese)
Nie, J. L., & Zhong, Z. B. (2017). Analysis of Farmers’ Value Cognition of Agricultural Land and Its Influencing Factors—Based on the Perspective of Social Endowment Insurance and Labor Marketization. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), 18, 35-42. (In Chinese)
Parman, J. (2012). Good Schools Make Good Neighbors: Human Capital Spillovers in Early 20th Century Agriculture. Explorations in Economic History, 49, 316-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2012.04.002
Peng, C. S., & Zhong, Y. (2014). Education, Mobility and Income Differentiation of Farmers in Underdeveloped Areas—Based on the Survey Data of Farmers in Anhui Province. Rural Economy, No. 5, 70-74. (In Chinese)
Qian, L., & Ye, J. T. (2017). How Factor Marketization Affects the Urban-Rural Income Gap—Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data. Journal of China Agricultural University, 22, 210-220. (In Chinese)
Rohrbach-Schmidt, D., & Tiemann, M. (2016). Educational (Mis) Match and Skill Utilization in Germany: Assessing the Role of Worker and Job Characteristics. Journal for Labour Market Research, 49, 1-21
Rowe, D. J., Massoumi, N., Hyde, S. et al. (2008). Educational and Career Pathways of Dental Hygienists: Comparing Graduates of Associate and Baccalaureate Degree Programs. Journal of Dental Education, 72, 397-407. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.4.tb04505.x
Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. American Economic Review, 51, 1-17.
Shen, K. R., & Yu, J. X. (2011). The Influence of Rural Labor Mobility on the Income of Urban Residents in China—Based on the Perspective of Urban and Rural Labor Division in the Process of Marketization. Managing the World, No. 3, 58-65. (In Chinese)
Shi, B. Z., & Shi, G. H. (2020). Based on the Perspective of Effectively Promoting the Rural revitalization Strategy. Shandong Social Science, No. 5, 111-116. (In Chinese)
Sun, Q. P. (2020). Research on the Path Selection of Market Allocation of Labor Factors. Shandong Trade Union Forum, 26, 15-20. (In Chinese)
Walder, A. G., Li, B., & Treiman, D. J. (2000). Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime: Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite, 1949 to 1996. American Sociological Review, 65, 191-209. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657437
Wang, L. X., & Hong, M. Y. (2016). The Influence of Human Capital on Farmers’ Income Growth from the Perspective of the Endogenous Growth Model. Statistics and Decision-Making, No. 23, 110-112. (In Chinese)
Wang, M. Y. (2005). Employment Opportunity and Wage Difference in Urban Labor Market—Employment and Remuneration of Migrant Labor Force. Social Sciences of China, No. 5, 36-46. (In Chinese)
Wang, X. Z., & Yu, J. X. (2012). Human Capital Accumulation and the Income Growth of Rural Residents in China—Comes from the Marketization Process of Rural Labor Force. Agricultural Technology and Economy, No. 1, 74-82. (In Chinese)
Wang, Y. Q., & Liu, L. (2016). The Influence of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance and Health Human Capital on the Labor Participation of Rural Residents. Rural economy in China, No. 11, 68-81. (In Chinese)
Wang, Y., & Yin, Z. C. (2009). Accumulation of Healthy Human Capital and the Growth of Farmers’ Income. Rural Economy in China, 2009, 24-31+66. (In Chinese)
Wen, T., Yang, T., & Wang, H. J. (2017). Policy Suggestions for Reforming Human Capital to Promote the Extraordinary Growth of Farmers’ Income. Journal of Southwest University (Social Science Edition), 43, 37-42+189. (In Chinese)
Wu, W. (2016). Middle School: The Path of Migrant Workers and Its Impact on Income. Agricultural Economic Problems, 37, 53-60+111. (In Chinese)
Wu, Z. H. (2015). Human Capital Investment, Employability and Farmers’ Income Growth. Western Forum, 25, 20-27. (In Chinese)
Xia, X. R. (2021). Analysis of the Transfer and Employment Status of Rural Surplus Labor Force under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy. Southern Agriculture, 15, 151-152. (In Chinese)
Xing, C. B., Jia, S. Y., & Li, S. (2013). Regional Differences in Returns on Education and Their Impact on Workforce Mobility. Economic Research, 48, 114-126. (In Chinese)
Yin, F. X. (2013). Research on Human Capital and Rural Poverty: Theory and Empirical. Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics. (In Chinese)
Zhang, C. C. (2011). Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Health Changes on Labour Supply and Income. Economic Review, No. 4, 79-88. (In Chinese)
Zhang, S. W., Zhao, L., & Fan, L. Z. (2007). Income Distribution Effect of Rural Labor Mobility—Empirical Study Based on Farmer Data in Jilin Province. Journal of Social Sciences of Jilin University, No. 4, 27-33. (In Chinese)
Zhao, J. G., & Zhou, D. S. (2019). Education of Human Capital, Internet Use and Career Choice of the New Generation of Migrant Workers. Agricultural Economic Problems, No. 6, 117-127. (In Chinese)
Zhao, W. M. (2018). Structure of Financial Agricultural Support Funds, Human Capital and Growth of Farmers’ Income—Empirical Test Based on Panel Error Correction and Vector Auto-Regression. Journal of Hubei University of Economics, 16, 65-73+127. (In Chinese)
Zhu, Y. J., & Yu, L. (2011). Human Capital Investment and Farmers’ Income Growth. Economic Management of East China, 25, 36-39. (In Chinese)
Zou, W., & Zhang, F. (2006). Income Differences and Human Capital Accumulation in Rural Areas. Social Sciences of China, No. 2, 67-79+206. (In Chinese)
Zucchelli, E., Jones, A. M., Rice, N., & Harris, A. (2010). The Effects of Health Shocks on Labour Market Exit: Evidence from the HILDA Survey. Australian Journal of Labor Economics, 13, 191-218.