This literature review explores the challenges encountered by general managers in the 21st century. As organizations navigate a rapidly changing global landscape, general managers find themselves facing a multitude of complex and interrelated challenges. This review synthesizes the existing literature to identify common themes and areas of concern for general managers, encompassing technological advancements, globalization, shifting consumer expectations, tal ent management, ethical considerations, and strategic decision-making. By analyzing various scholarly works, this review offers insights into the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the challenges faced by 21st-century general managers, aiming to provide a foundation for further research and the development of effective management strategies in the contemporary business environment.
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