Activity and Selectivity of Bimetallic Catalysts Based on SBA-15 for Nitrate Reduction in Water — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Activity and Selectivity of Bimetallic Catalysts Based on SBA-15 for Nitrate Reduction in Water
Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), LPCA, EA 4493, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
,
Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA), EDST, FS, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
,
Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
,
College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait, Kuwait
,
Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
,
Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
,
Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
,
Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement des Médicaments et des Produits Naturels RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
,
Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), LPCA, EA 4493, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
,
Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), LPCA, EA 4493, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
,
Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, EA 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France
,
Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, EA 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France
,
Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
,
Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
1 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), LPCA, EA 4493, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
2 Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA), EDST, FS, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
3 Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
4 College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait, Kuwait
5 Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
6 Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
7 Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
8 Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement des Médicaments et des Produits Naturels RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
9 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), LPCA, EA 4493, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
10 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), LPCA, EA 4493, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
11 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, EA 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France
12 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, EA 4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France
13 Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
14 Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
15 Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
Nitrate from the application of nitrogen-based fertilizers in intensive agriculture is a notorious waste product, though it lacks cost-effective solutions for its removal from potential drinking water resources. Catalytic reduction appears to be a promising technique for converting nitrates to benign nitrogen gas. Mesoporous silica SBA-15 is a frequently used catalyst support that has large surface areas and highly ordered nanopores. In this work, mesoporous silica SBA-15 bimetallic catalysts for nitrate reduction were investigated. The catalyst was optimized for the selection of promoter metal (Sn and Cu), noble metal (Pd and Pt) and loading ratios of these metals at different temperatures and reduction conditions. The catalysts prepared were characterized by FT-IR, N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM, and ICP. All catalysts showed the presence of cylindrical mesoporous channels and uniform pore structures that remained even after metals loading. In the presence of a CO 2 buffer, the catalysts 4Pd-1Cu/SBA-15 and 1Pt-1Cu/SBA-15 reduced at 100?C under H2 and 1Pd-1Cu/SBA-15 reduced at 200°C under H2 demonstrated very high nitrate conversion. Furthermore, the forementioned Pd catalysts had higher N2 selectivity (88% - 87%) compared to Pt catalyst (80%). Nitrate conversion by the 4Pd-1Cu/SBA-15 catalyst was significantly decreased to 81% in the absence of CO 2 .
Misra, A.K. (2014) Climate Change and Challenges of Water and Food Security. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 3, 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.04.006
Tyagi, S., Rawtani, D., Khatri, N. and Tharmavaram, M. (2018) Strategies for Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Environment Using Nanotechnology: A Review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 21, 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.12.005
Boretti, A. and Rosa, L. (2019) Reassessing the Projections of the World Water Development Report. NPJ Clean Water, 2, 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-019-0039-9
Martínez, J., Ortiz, A. and Ortiz, I. (2017) State-of-the-Art and Perspectives of the Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Nitrates. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 207, 42-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.016
World Health Organization (2017) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating First Addendum. 4th Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Fan, A.M. and Steinberg, V.E. (1996) Health Implications of Nitrate and Nitrite in Drinking Water: An Update on Methemoglobinemia Occurrence and Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 23, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1996.0006
Gray, N.F. (2008) Drinking Water Quality. 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Rezvani, F., Sarrafzadeh, M.-H., Ebrahimi, S. and Oh, H.-M. (2019) Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water with a Focus on Biological Methods: A Review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 1124-1141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9185-0
Kapoor, A. and Viraraghavan, T. (1997) Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water— Review. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 123, 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:4(371)
Horold, S., Vorlop, K.-D., Tacke, T. and Sell, M. (1993) Development of Catalysts for a Selective Nitrate and Nitrite Removal from Drinking Water. Catalysis Today, 17, 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(93)80004-K
Huang, C.-P., Wang, H.-W. and Chiu, P.-C. (1998) Nitrate Reduction by Metallic Iron. Water Research, 32, 2257-2264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00464-8
Mellor, R.B., Ronnenberg, J., Campbell, W.H. and Diekmann, S. (1992) Reduction of Nitrate and Nitrite in Water by Immobilized Enzymes. Nature, 355, 717-719. https://doi.org/10.1038/355717a0
Pintar, A. (1999) Catalytic Hydrogenation of Aqueous Nitrate Solutions in Fixed-Bed Reactors. Catalysis Today, 53, 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00101-7
Vorlop, K.D. and Tacke, T. (1989) 1st Steps towards Noble-Metal Catalyzed Removal of Nitrate and Nitrite from Drinking-Water. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 61, 836-837.
Chen, Y.-X., Zhang, Y. and Chen, G.-H. (2003) Appropriate Conditions or Maximizing Catalytic Reduction Efficiency of Nitrate into Nitrogen Gas in Groundwater. Water Research, 37, 2489-2495. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00028-9
Neyertz, C., Marchesini, F.A., Boix, A., Miró, E. and Querini, C.A. (2010) Catalytic Reduction of Nitrate in Water: Promoted Palladium Catalysts Supported in Resin. Applied Catalysis A: General, 372, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2009.10.001
Gao, W., Guan, N., Chen, J., Guan, X., Jin, R., Zeng, H., Liu, Z. and Zhang, F. (2003) Titania Supported Pd-Cu Bimetallic Catalyst for the Reduction of Nitrate in Drinking Water. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 46, 341-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(03)00226-1
Yoshinaga, Y., Akita, T., Mikami, I. and Okuhara, T. (2002) Hydrogenation of Nitrate in Water to Nitrogen over Pd-Cu Supported on Active Carbon. Journal of Catalysis, 207, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2002.3529
Mendow, G., Marchesini, F.A., Miró, E.E. and Querini, C.A. (2011) Evaluation of Pd-In Supported Catalysts for Water Nitrate Abatement in a Fixed-Bed Continuous Reactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50, 1911-1920. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie102080w
Garron, A., Lázár, K. and Epron, F. (2005) Effect of the Support on Tin Distribution in Pd-Sn/Al2O3 and Pd-Sn/SiO2 Catalysts for Application in Water Denitration. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 59, 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.01.002
Marchesini, F.A., Picard, N. and Miró, E.E. (2012) Study of the Interactions of Pd,In with SiO2 and Al2O3 Mixed Supports as Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Nitrates in Water. Catalysis Communications, 21, 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2012.01.015
Garron, A. and Epron, F. (2005) Use of Formic Acid as Reducing Agent for Application in Catalytic Reduction of Nitrate in Water. Water Research, 39, 3073-3081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.012
Trawczyński, J., Gheek, P., Okal, J., Zawadzki, M. and Gomez, M.J.I. (2011) Reduction of Nitrate on Active Carbon Supported Pd-Cu Catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 409-410, 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.09.020
Maia, M.P., Rodrigues, M.A. and Passos, F.B. (2007) Nitrate Catalytic Reduction in Water Using Niobia Supported Palladium-Copper Catalysts. Catalysis Today, 123, 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.051
Constantinou, C.L., Costa, C.N. and Efstathiou, A.M. (2007) The Remarkable Effect of Oxygen on the N2 Selectivity of Water Catalytic Denitrification by Hydrogen. Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 950-956. https://doi.org/10.1021/es061392y
Zhao, W., Zhu, X., Wang, Y., Ai, Z. and Zhao, D. (2014) Catalytic Reduction of Aqueous Nitrates by Metal Supported Catalysts on Al Particles. Chemical Engineering Journal, 254, 410-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.05.144
Epron, F., Gauthard, F. and Barbier, J. (2002) Catalytic Reduction of Nitrate in Water on a Monometallic Pd/CeO2 Catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 206, 363-367. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2001.3498
Vunain, E., Malgas-Enus, R., Jalama, K. and Meijboom, R. (2013) The Effect of Recrystallization Time on Pore Size and Surface Area of Mesoporous SBA-15. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 68, 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3163-x
Li, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y. and Wan, H. (2008) Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Palladium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in SBA-15. Catalysis Letters, 120, 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-007-9263-x
Soares, O.S.G.P., Fan, X., Orfao, J.J.M., Lapkin, A.A. and Pereira, M.F.R. (2012) Kinetic Modeling of Nitrate Reduction Catalyzed by Pd-Cu Supported on Carbon Nanotubes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51, 4854-4860. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie202957v
Soares, O. (2010) Nitrate Removal by Catalytic Reduction with Hydrogen. Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto.
Monteiro, M.I.C., Ferreira, F.N., de Oliveira, N.M.M. andávila, A.K. (2003) Simplified Version of the Sodium Salicylate Method for Analysis of Nitrate in Drinking Waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 477, 125-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01395-8
Ngo, T.T., Phan, A.P.H., Yam, C.F. and Lenhoff, H.M. (1982) Interference in Determination of Ammonia with the Hypochlorite-Alkaline Phenol Method of Berthelot. Analytical Chemistry, 54, 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00238a015
Ivashchenko, N., Gac, W., Tertykh, V., Yanishpolskii, V., Khainakov, S., Dikhtiarenko, A., Pasieczna-Patkowska, S. and Zawadzki, W. (2012) Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Palladium Nanoparticles Embedded in the Mesoporous Silica Matrices. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 2, 117-125. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2012.23015
Kokunesoski, M., Gulicovski, J., Matovic, B., Logar, M., Milonjic, S.K. and Babic, B. (2010) Synthesis and Surface Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Silica SBA-15. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 124, 1248-1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.08.066
Burneau, A., Barres, O., Gallas, J.P. and Lavalley, J.C. (1990) Comparative Study of the Surface Hydroxyl Groups of Fumed and Precipitated Silicas. 2. Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy of the Interactions with Water. Langmuir, 6, 1364-1372. https://doi.org/10.1021/la00098a008
Min-Sung, K., Lee, M.S. and Lee, K.-Y. (2013) Catalytic Nitrate Reduction in Water over Mesoporous Silica Supported Pd-Cu Catalysts. Clean Technology, 19, 65-72. https://doi.org/10.7464/ksct.2013.19.1.065
Sing, K.S.W. (1985) Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems with Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity (Recommendations 1984). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 57, 603-619. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198557040603
Matei, D., Doicin, B. and Cursaru, D. (2016) Pd/SBA-15 Mesoporous Catalyst for Ethanol Steam Reforming. A Neural Network Approach. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 11, 443-451.
Moriau, L., Bele, M., Vizintin, A., Ruiz-Zepeda, F., Petek, U., Jovanovic, P., Sala, M., Gaberscek, M. and Hodnik, N. (2019) Synthesis and Advanced Electrochemical Characterization of Multifunctional Electrocatalytic Composite for Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell. ACS Catalysis, 9, 11468-11483. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b03385
Soares, O.S.G.P., Orfao, J.J.M., Ruiz-Martínez, J., Silvestre-Albero, J., Sepúlveda-Escribano, A. and Pereira, M.F.R. (2010) Pd-Cu/AC and Pt-Cu/AC Catalysts for Nitrate Reduction with Hydrogen: Influence of Calcination and Reduction Temperatures. Chemical Engineering Journal, 165, 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.08.065
Biniak, S., Pakula, M., Szymański, G.S. and Swiatkowski, A. (1999) Effect of Activated Carbon Surface Oxygen- and/or Nitrogen-Containing Groups on Adsorption of Copper(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution. Langmuir, 15, 6117-6122.
Kasaini, H., Goto, M. and Furusaki, S. (1999) Selective Separation of Pd(II), Rh(III), and Ru(III) Ions from a Mixed Chloride Solution Using Activated Carbon Pellets. Separation Science and Technology, 35, 1307-1327.
Soares, O.S.G.P., Orfao, J.J.M. and Pereira, M.F.R. (2011) Nitrate Reduction in Water Catalysed by Pd-Cu on Different Supports. Desalination, 279, 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.06.037
Batista, J., Pintar, A., Mandrino, D., Jenko, M. and Martin, V. (2001) XPS and TPR Examinations of γ-Alumina-Supported Pd-Cu Catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 206, 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00589-5
Mendez, C.M., Olivero, H., Damiani, D.E. and Volpe, M.A. (2008) On the Role of Pd β-Hydride in the Reduction of Nitrate over Pd Based Catalyst. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 84, 156-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.03.019
Soares, O.S.G.P., Orfao, J.J.M. and Pereira, M.F.R. (2010) Pd-Cu and Pt-Cu Catalysts Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Nitrate Reduction in Water. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49, 7183-7192. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie1001907
Sepúlveda-Escribano, A., Coloma, F. and Rodriguez-Reinoso, F. (1998) Platinum Catalysts Supported on Carbon Blacks with Different Surface Chemical Properties. Applied Catalysis A: General, 173, 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(98)00183-5
Sing, K.S.W. (1982) Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems with Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity (Provisional). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 54, 2201-2218. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198254112201
Parida, K.M. and Rath, D. (2007) Structural Properties and Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol over CuO-Impregnated Mesoporous Silica. Applied Catalysis A: General, 321, 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2007.01.054
Roekel, C., Montgomery, D., Singh, J. and Olsen, D. (2022) Analysis of Non-Selective Catalyst Reduction Performance with Dedicated Exhaust Gas Recirculation. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 12, 114-129. https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2022.122009
Soares, O.S.G.P., Orfao, J.J.M. and Pereira, M.F.R. (2009) Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Activated Carbon for the Nitrate Reduction in Water: Optimization of Catalysts Composition. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 91, 441-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.06.013