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Direct Electrochemical Analysis of 3-Methyl-4-Nitrophenol in Water Using Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Modified with Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine Complex

¹ Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
² Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
³ Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
⁴ Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, de Physique Spatiale et Energétique (L@CAPSE), Université Norbert ZONGO, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
⁵ Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
⁶ Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées (LIRSA), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
⁷ Laboratoire de Sciences et Technologies (LaST), Université Thomas SANKARA, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Materials Sciences and Applications·Volume 17 (2026)·Pages 1–14·Published 16 January 2026·DOI10.4236/msa.2026.171001

Abstract

This study reports a tetrasulfonated nickel phthalocyanine complex (p-NiTSPc) modified carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) for the detection of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP) at low potentials. The voltammogram of MNP showed a cathodic peak at −0.86 V vs Ag/AgCl corresponding to the reduction of the nitro group. An electrocatalytic activity towards the MNP redox process was observed in the presence of p-NiTSPc. The effects of support electrolyte pH, frequency, scan increment, and pulse amplitude on square wave voltammetry (SWV) peak current were studied and optimized to improve the sensor’s electrochemical response. With these optimized parameters, the calibration curve showed that the peak current increased linearly with MNP concentration, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.025 µg/L. Therefore, we report, for the first time, an electrochemical LoD of MNP below 0.1 µg/L, the current regulatory limit for drinkable water.

Keywords3-Methyl-4-NitrophenolCarbon Fiber UltramicroelectrodeNickel Tetrasulfonated PhthalocyanineDirect Electrochemical AnalysisSquare Wave Voltammetry

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Direct Electrochemical Analysis of 3-Methyl-4-Nitrophenol in Water Using Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Modified with Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine Complex

Abstract

References (20)