The effect of bainite and tempered martensite on the passivation and corrosion behaviour of a steel with composition 0.70C, 0.22Si, 0.60Mn, 0.017P, 0.012S (wt%) is investigated in aerated borate buffer solution, pH = 9.2, and with addition of 100 mM KCl. In the absence of chloride ions, free corrosion potential measurements and impedance spectroscopy tests have shown lower barrier properties of passive film grown on tempered martensitic microstructure as compared to the one formed on bainitic microstructure. Moreover, the electrochemical measurements highlight superior corrosion resistance displayed by the bainitic steel in the presence of chloride ions with respect to the tempered martensitic steel. The observed behaviour is ascribed to the shape, size, and distribution of the ferrite and cementite.
López, D.A., Schreiner, W.H., de Sánchez, S.R. and Simison, S.N. (2003) The Influence of Carbon Steel Microstructure on Corrosion Layers: An XPS and SEM Characterization. Applied Surface Science , 207, 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(02)01218-7
Balasubramaniam, R., Panda, B., Dwivedi, G., Moon, A.P. and Mahapatra, S. (2011) Alloy Development of Corrosion-Resistant Rail Steel. Current Science , 100, 52-57.
Moon, A.P., Sangal, S., Layek, S., Giribaskar, S. and Mondal, K. (2015) Corrosion Behavior of High-Strength Bainitic Rail Steels. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A , 46, 1500-1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2732-0
Souza, E.C.D., Rossitti, S.M., Fortulan, C.A. and Rollo, J.M.D.D.A. (2016) Influence of Ferrite Phase Content on the Electrochemical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels. Materials Research , 20, 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0546
López, D.A., Simison, S.N. and de Sánchez, S.R. (2003) The Influence of Steel Microstructure on CO 2 Corrosion. EIS Studies on the Inhibition Efficiency of Benzimidazole. Electrochimica Acta , 48, 845-854. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00776-4
Kazum, O., Bobby Kannan, M., Beladi, H., Timokhina, I.B., Hodgson, P.D. and Khoddam, S. (2014) Aqueous Corrosion Performance of Nanostructured Bainitic Steel. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 54, 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.08.015
Cleary, H.J. and Greene, N.D. (1967) Corrosion Properties of Iron and Steel. Corrosion Science , 7, 821-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-938x(67)80115-x
Sietsma, J. (2013) Physical Modelling the Microstructure Formation in Advanced High-Strength Steels. Materials Science Forum , 762, 194-209. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.194
Zhang, X., Miyamoto, G., Toji, Y., Zhang, Y. and Furuhara, T. (2021) Role of Cementite and Retained Austenite on Austenite Reversion from Martensite and Bainite in Fe-2Mn-1.5Si-0.3C Alloy. Acta Materialia , 209, Article ID: 116772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116772
Sakaguchi, N., Ohno, H. and Nakada, N. (2022) Simultaneous Optimization of Rigidity and Strength of Super Invar Cast Steel Using by Martensitic Reversion. ISIJ Inter national , 62, 586-592. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2021-478
Ogawa, T., Maruyama, N., Sugiura, N. and Yoshinaga, N. (2010) Incomplete Recrystallization and Subsequent Microstructural Evolution during Intercritical Annealing in Cold-Rolled Low Carbon Steels. ISIJ International , 50, 469-475. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.50.469
Takagi, S., Toji, Y., Yoshino, M. and Hasegawa, K. (2012) Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance Evaluation of Ultra High Strength Steel Sheets for Automobiles. ISIJ International , 52, 316-322. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.52.316
Clover, D., Kinsella, B., Pejcic, B. and De Marco, R. (2005) The Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Rate of Various Carbon Steels. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry , 35, 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-004-6207-7
Callister, W. and Rethwisch, D. (2007) Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. Wiley.
Zhang, X.Z. and Knot, J.F. (1999) Clevage Fracture in Bainitic and Martensitic Microstructures. Acta Materialia , 47, 3483-3495. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00200-1
Rault, V., Vignal, V., Krawiec, H. and Tadjoa, O. (2014) Corrosion Behaviour of Heavily Deformed Pearlitic and Brass-Coated Pearlitic Steels in Sodium Chloride Solutions. Corrosion Science , 86, 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.06.002
Oluyemi, D.O., Oluwole, O.I. and Adewuyi, B.O. (2011) Studies of the Properties of Heat Treated Rolled Medium Carbon Steel. Materials Research , 14, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392011005000040
Al-Rubaiey, S.I., Anoon, E.A. and Hanoon, M.M. (2013) The Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steels. Engineering and Technology Journal , 31, 1825-1836. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.31.10a2
Arai, T. (2001) Heat Treating, ASM Handbook. ASM International.
Shams El Din, A.M. and Paul, N.J. (1990) Oxide Film Thickening on the Surface of Metals in Aqueous Solutions: A Critique of the Theory of Open-Circuit Potential Transients. Thin Solid Films , 189, 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(90)90449-n
Lavos-Valereto, I.C., Costa, I. and Wolynec, S. (2002) The Electrochemical Behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy with and without Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating in Hank’s Solution. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research , 63, 664-670. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.10351
Patrito, E.M., Torresi, R.M., Leiva, E.P.M. and Macagno, V.A. (1990) Potentiodynamic and AC Impedance Investigation of Anodic Zirconium Oxide Films. Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 137, 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2086492
Pauporté, T., Finne, J., Kahn-Harari, A. and Lincot, D. (2005) Growth by Plasma Electrolysis of Zirconium Oxide Films in the Micrometer Range. Surface and Coatings Technology , 199, 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.03.003
Khalil, N., Bowen, A. and Leach, J.S.L. (1988) The Anodic Oxidation of Valve Metals—II. The Influence of the Anodizing Conditions on the Transport Processes during the Anodic Oxidation of Zirconium. Electrochimica Acta , 33, 1721-1727. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(88)85006-0
Kuromoto, N.K., Simão, R.A. and Soares, G.A. (2007) Titanium Oxide Films Produced on Commercially Pure Titanium by Anodic Oxidation with Different Voltages. Materials Characterization , 58, 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2006.03.020
Gudic, S., Radosevic, J. and Kliskic, M.K. (2002) Study of Passivation of Al and Al-Sn Alloys in Borate Buffer Solutions Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Electrochimica Acta , 47, 3009-3016. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00246-3
Orazem, M.E. and Tribollet, B. (2008) Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470381588
Wegrelius, L., Falkenberg, F. and Olefjord, I. (1999) Passivation of Stainless Steels in Hydrochloric Acid. Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 146, 1397-1406. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1391777
Hamadou, L., Kadri, A. and Benbrahim, N. (2005) Characterisation of Passive Films Formed on Low Carbon Steel in Borate Buffer Solution (pH 9.2) by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Applied Surface Science , 252, 1510-1519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.02.135
Yanagisawa, K., Nakanishi, T., Hasegawa, Y. and Fushimi, K. (2015) Passivity of Dual-Phase Carbon Steel with Ferrite and Martensite Phases in Ph 8.4 Boric Acid-Borate Buffer Solution. Journal of the Electrochemical Society , 162, C322-C326. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0471507jes
Alves, V.A. and Brett, C.M.A. (2002) Characterisation of Passive Films Formed on Mild Steels in Bicarbonate Solution by Eis. Electrochimica Acta , 47, 2081-2091. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00077-4
Etteyeb, N., Dhouibi, L., Takenouti, H., Alonso, M.C. and Triki, E. (2007) Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Alkaline Chloride Media by Na 3 PO 4 . Electrochimica Acta , 52, 7506-7512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.003
Kim, Y.J. (2000) In - Situ Electrochemical Impedance Measurement of Oxide Film Formed on Type 304 Stainless Steel in High-Temperature Water. Corrosion , 56, 389-394. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3280542
El-Taib Heakal, F., Ghoneim, A.A. and Fekry, A.M. (2007) Stability of Spontaneous Passive Films on High Strength Mo-Containing Stainless Steels in Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry , 37, 405-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-006-9271-3
Scully, J.R. (2000) Polarization Resistance Method for Determination of Instantaneous Corrosion Rates. Corrosion , 56, 199-218. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3280536