Comparative Toxicity of “Tin Free” Self-Polishing Copolymer Antifouling Paints and Their Inhibitory Effects on Larval Development of a Non-Target Organism — Oak Academic Publishing
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Comparative Toxicity of “Tin Free” Self-Polishing Copolymer Antifouling Paints and Their Inhibitory Effects on Larval Development of a Non-Target Organism
Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, University Campus, Athens, Greece
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Department of Applied Hydrobiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Aghios Kosmas, Hellinikon, Greece
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Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Centre, Bournemouth & Poole College, Poole, UK
1 Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
2 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, University Campus, Athens, Greece
3 Department of Applied Hydrobiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
4 Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Aghios Kosmas, Hellinikon, Greece
5 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Centre, Bournemouth & Poole College, Poole, UK
Toxic substances released as a result of leaching from painted surfaces to the aquatic environment affect both fouling organisms and “ non-target ” biota. Artemia fransiscana nauplii have been con sidered a useful test system for the examination of toxicity for antifouling paints. In this study, we examined the effect of four “ tin free ” self-polishing copolymer (SPC) antifouling paints on the lar val development of Artemia nauplii. Based on the L(S/V) 50 values the order of toxicity of the anti fouling paints was: ANTI F > SHARKSKIN > OCEAN T/F > MICRON. Furthermore, the body size of Artemia nauplii was significantly affected at lethal and above lethal L(S/V) 50 24h values. The body size of 48 h-aged nauplii exposed for the last 24 hours to each of the four SPC antifouling paints was significantly lower than that of the 48 h-aged controls (0.88 ± 0.030 mm). In addition, the body size of 72 h-aged nauplii maintained for the last 24 hours to pure synthetic seawater after exposure for 24 hours to each of the four SPC antifouling paints was significantly lower than that of the 72 h-aged controls (0.96 ±0.027 mm). Overall, the SPCs examined here were substantially toxic to Artemia nauplii, but with different toxicities and modes of action, as a result of the syner gistic action of distinct components of the antifouling paints.
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