For the first time in the world advanced multi layered Red Mud and MWCNTs (ARMC) based EMI shielding material has been developed at CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal. Red mud provides oxides of titanium and iron as precursor and the MWCNTs provides electrical conductivity characteristics necessary for making desired EMI shielding materials. The novel process involves unique designing of chemical compositions and mineralogical phases of red mud, MWCNTs together with appropriate additive and solvent which results in the simultaneous and synergistic chemical reactions among various constituents thereby forming tailored precursor powder. Further, the ceramic processing of tailored precursor powder in appropriate environment enables formation of advanced ARMC shielding material having a variety of ceramic phases with multi elemental compositions and multi layered crystal structures. The synthesized material was characterized by various techniques namely XRD, PL, FESEM, EDXA. The reflection loss (R. L.) of the sample was calculated based on the measured complex permittivity and permeability. The advanced ARMC material with thickness t = 1.5 mm showed a minimum R. L. of -35.5 Db at 14.0 GHz with a response band width of 1.8 GHz. Thus, the developed advanced ARMC material acts as a good EMI wave absorber.
Mottahed, B.D. and Manoocheheri, S. (1995) A Review of Research in Materials, Modeling and Simulation, Design Factors, Testing, and Measurements Related to Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 34, 271-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559508015827
Neelakanta, P.S. and Subramaniam, K. (1992) Controlling the Properties of Electromagnetic Composites. Advanced Materials and Processes, 141, 20-25.
Lu, G.H., Li, X.T. and Jiang, H.C. (1996) Electrical and Shielding Properties of ABS Resin Filled with Nickel-Coated Carbon Fibers. Composites Science and Technology, 56, 193-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(95)00143-3
Kaynak, A., Polat, A. and Yilmazer, U. (1996) Some Microwave and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Poly- propylene and Carbon Black-Polypropylene Composites. Materials Research Bulletin, 31, 1195-1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(96)00124-9
Melvin, G.J.H., Ni, Q.Q. and Natsuki, T. (2014) Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Barium Titanate/ Carnon Nanotube Hybrid Nanocomposites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 615, 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.06.191
Micheli, D., Apollo, C., Passtrre, R. and Marchetti, M. (2010) X-Band Microwave Characterization of Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Material, Absorption Capability Comparison and RAS Design Simulation. Composites Science and Technology, 70, 400-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.11.015
Qin, F. and Brosseau, C. (2012) Review and Analysis of Microwave Absorption in Polymer Composite Filled with Carbonaceous Particles. Journal of Applied Physics, 111, 061301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3688435
Huo, J., Wang, L. and Yu, H.J. (2009) Polymeric Nanocomposites for electromagnetic Wave Absorption. Journal of Materials Science, 44, 3917-3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3561-1
Melvin, G.J.H., Ni, Q.Q., Suzuki, Y. and Natsuki, T. (2014) Microwave-Absorbing Properties of Silver Nanoparticles/ Carnon Nanotube Hybrid Nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Science, 49, 5199-5207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8229-9
Irwin, P., Tan, D.Q. and Cao, Y. (2010) Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Polymer Composites and Methods of Manufacture. US 7815820 B2.
Iyer, V.R., Ungvichian, V. and Neelakanta, P.S. (1993) A Titanium-Dioxide Based Ceramic Composite Dispersed with Conducting Inclusions as an EMI Shielding Material. 1993 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Dallas, 9-13 August 1993, 168-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1993.473756
Azadmanjiri, J., Hojati-Talem, P., Simon, G.P., Suzuki, K. and Selomulya, C. (2011) Synthesis and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Properties of Iron Oxide/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites. Polymer Engineering & Science, 51, 247-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.21813
Ding, Z.G., Shi, S.Q., Zhang, H.L. and Cai, L.P. (2015) Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Iron Oxide Impregnated Kenaf Bast Fiberboard. Composites Part B: Engineering, 78, 266-271.
Yang, J. (2006) Research on Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud from Alumina Plant. M.S. Thesis, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan.
Che, R.C., Peng, L.M., Duan, X.F., Chen, Q. and Liang, X.L. (2004) Microwave Absorption Enhancement and Complex Permittivity and Permeability of Fe Encapsulated within Carbon Nanotubes. Advanced Materials, 16, 401-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200306460
Kim, H.M., Kim, K., Lee, C.Y., Joo, J., Cho, S.J., Yoon, H.S., et al. (2004) Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites Containing Fe Catalyst. Applied Physics Letters, 84, 589-591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1641167
Yang, Y.L. and Gupta, M.C. (2005) Novel Carbon Nanotube-Polystyrene Foam Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Nano Letters, 5, 2131-2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl051375r
Huang, Y., Li, N., Ma, Y.F., Du, F., Li, F.F., He, X.B., Lin, X., Gao, H.J. and Chen, Y.S. (2007) The Influence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Structure on the Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Efficiency of Its Epoxy Composites. Carbon, 45, 1614-1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.04.016
Verma, S. and Amritphalae, S.S. (2015) A Novel Process for Preparation of Hybrid Nanosized Neodymium Oxybromide and Neodymium Oxide. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 85, 1528-1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1070363215060286
Chen, W., Mai, L.Q., Qi, Y.Y. and Dai, Y. (2006) One-Dimensional Nanomaterials of Vanadium and Molybdenum Oxides. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 67, 896-902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.01.074
(1984) Powder Diffraction File, Alphabetical Index Inorganic Phases. Published by JCPDS International Centre for Diffraction Data 1601, Park Lane Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
Rahman, M.N. (2003) Ceramic Processing and Sintering. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, London.
Zhang, M.-S., Yin, Z., Chen, Q., Zhang, W.F. and Chen, W.C. (2001) Study of Structural and Photoluminescence Properties in Barium Titanate Nanocrystals Synthesis by Hydrothermal Process. Solid State Communications, 119, 659-663.
Sukanta, D., Nayak, G.C., Sahu, S.K., Routray, P.C., Roy, A.K. and Baskey, H. (2014) Microwave Absorption Properties of Double-Layer RADAR Absorbing Materials Based on Doped Barium Hexaferrite/TiO2/Conducting Carbon Black. Journal of Engineering, 2014, Article ID: 468313.