Novel Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries Derived from Layer Structured Titanate Cs<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>11</sub>·(1 + x)H<sub>2</sub>O
- 1 Tokuyama College of Technology, Gakuendai, Shunan City, Japan
Abstract
A layer structured titanate Cs 2 Ti 5 O 11 ·(1 + x)H 2 O (x = 0.70) has been prepared in a solid state reaction using Cs 2 CO 3 and anatase type TiO 2 at 900 ° C. Ion exchange reactions of Cs + in the interlayer space were studied in aqueous solu tions. The single phases of Li + , Na + and H + exchange products were obtained. The three kinds of resulting titanates were evaluated for use as the cathodes in rechargeable sodium batteries after dehydrations by heating at 200 ° C in a vacuum. The electrochemical measurements showed that they exhibited the reversible Na + intercalation-deintercalation in a voltage range of 0.5 - 3.5 V or 0.7 - 4.0 V. The Li + exchange product showed the best performance of the discharge-charge capacities in this study. The initial Na + intercalation-deintercalation capacities of the Li 2 Ti 5 O 11 were 120 mAh/g and 100 mAh/g; the amounts of Na + correspond to 1.9 and 1.6 of the formula unit, respectively. The titanates are nontoxic, inexpensive and environmentally benign.
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