Polychloroprene (PC) based contact adhesives are widely used in various applications; however, there is a possibility to improve the properties of PC adhesive. Modifications of polymers can enhance the properties of the material, e.g. increase in thermal stability, compatibility, rigidity, physical response, flexibility and improve the polymer process ability. In the current study, improved formulation of solvent-based adhesive was developed, and the properties were further enhanced by the addition of nano-reinforcement of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The addition of nano-reinforcement was optimized to obtain improvement in the bond strength and also to enhance its resistance at a high temperature (~100 ° C). This paper discusses the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs during the synthesis of polychloroprene solvent-based adhesive, thereby improving its structural properties. Incorporation of MWCNTs-solvent-based adhesives resulted in a 20% - 35% improvement in 180 ° peel strength determined on flexible substrates such as canvas, leather. The reinforced based adhesive also exhibited improved thermal stability and weather resistance compared with unreinforced adhesive. The MWCNTs- solvent-based contact adhesives is a potential candidate in an industrially relevant branch of adhesives commonly used in structural applications, e.g., footwear, plastic, leather, automobile, construction industries, etc.
Zhang, K., Shen, H.F., Zhang, X.Y., Lan, R.H. and Chen, H.Q. (2009) Preparation and Properties of a Waterborne Contact Adhesive Based on Polychloroprene Latex and Styrene-Acrylate Emulsion Blend. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 23, 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856108X344658
Brown, H.R. (2000) Adhesion between Polymers and Other Substances—A Review of Bonding Mechanisms, Systems and Testing. Materials Forum, 24, 49-58. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2089
Kozuh, Z., Kralj, S. and Cvirn, Z. (1997) Advantages and Application Possibilities of Adhesive Bonding. Promet-Traffic & Transportation, 9, 33-40.
Barry, C.P., Morose, G.J., Begin, K., Atwater, M. and Hansen, C.J. (2017) The Identification and Screening of Lower Toxicity Solvents for Contact Adhesives. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 78, 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.06.022
Baldan, A. (2004) Adhesively-Bonded Joints and Repairs in Metallic Alloys, Polymers and Composite Materials: Adhesives, Adhesion Theories and Surface Pretreatment. Journal of Materials Science, 39, 1-49. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000007726.58758.e4
Marshall, S.J., Bayne, S.C., Baier, R., Tomsia, A.P. and Marshall, G.W. (2010) A Review of Adhesion Science. Dental Materials, 26, e11-e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.157
Gierenz, G. and Karmann, W. (2001) Adhesives and Adhesive Tapes. Wiley-VCH-GMBH, Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527612802
Ebnesajjad, S. (2008) Adhesive Technology Handbook. 2nd Edition, William Andrew, Norwich, 7.
Martin-Martinez, J.M. (2002) Rubber Base Adhesives. Adhesion Science and Engineering, 2, 573-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451140-9/50013-5
Zhang, L., Hu, J. and Athanasiou, K.A. (2009) The Role of Tissue Engineering in Articular Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 37, 1-57. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v37.i1-2.10
Paiva, R.M.M., Marques, E.A.S., da Silva, F.M.L. and Aran-Ais, F. (2015) Adhesives in the Footwear Industry. Proceedings of Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials Design and Applications, 230, 357-374. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420715602441
Shull, K.R. (2002) Contact Mechanics and the Adhesion of Soft Solids. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 36, 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(01)00039-0
Good, R.J. (1992) Contact Angle, Wetting, and Adhesion: A Critical Review. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 6, 1269-1302. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856192X00629
Tong, Q.K., Markley, D.L., Frederickson, G., Kuder, R. and Lu, D. (1999) Conductive Adhesives with Stable Contact Resistance and Superior Impact Performance. 1999 Proceedings 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36299), San Diego, 347-352.
Hartshorn, S.R. (1986) Structural Adhesives: Chemistry and Technology. Plenum Press, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7781-8
Archer, B. (1998) Water Based Contact Adhesives—New Developments. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 18, 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7496(97)00061-4
Kim, T.H. (2014) Bonding. In: Laperrière, L. and Reinhart, G., Eds., CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, The International Academy for Production Engineering, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1-39.
Pizzi, A. and Mittal, K.L. (2017) Handbook of Adhesive Technology. 3rd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Ungureanu, D., Taranu, N., Lupasteanu, V., Rosu, A. and Mihai, P. (2016) The Adhesion Theories Applied to Adhesively Bonded Joints of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Elements. Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy, Constructions, Architecture Section, 62, 37.
Morton, M. (1999) Rubber Technology. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2925-3
Derjaguin, B.V., Churaev, N.V. and Muller, V.M. (1987) Forces near Interfaces. Springer, Berlin, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6639-4_1
Persson, B.N.J. and Scaraggi, M. (2014) Theory of Adhesion: Role of Surface Roughness. Journal of Chemical Physics, 141, Article ID: 124701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4895789
Lipatov, Y.S., Jennings, B.R., Basedow, A.M. and Ebert, K. (1977) Physical Chemistry. Springer, Berlin.
Yang, S., Gu, L. and Gibson, R. (2001) Nondestructive Detection of Weak Joints in Adhesively Bonded Composite Structures. Composite Structures, 51, 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00125-2
Carothers, W.H., Williams, I., Collins, A.M. and James, E.K. (1931) Acetylene Polymers and Their Derivatives. II. A New Synthetic Rubber: Chloroprene and its Polymers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 53, 4203-4225. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01362a042
Irving, S. (1990) Handbook of Adhesives. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, Springer, US, Vol. 104, No. 800. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0671-9
Wypych, G. (2014) Solvent Use in Various Industries: Asphalt Compounding. In: Handbook of Solvents, Second Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol. 2, 13-14.
Pizzi, A. and Mittal, K.L. (2019) Wood Adhesives. Taylor & Francis, Abingdon-on-Thames. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203733721
Wingfield, J.R.J. (1993) Treatment of Composite Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 13, 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(93)90036-9
Noeske, M., Degenhardt, J., Strudthoff, S. and Lommatzsch, U. (2004) Plasma Jet Treatment of Five Polymers at Atmospheric Pressure: Surface Modifications and the Relevance for Adhesion. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 24, 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2003.09.006
Molitor, P., Barron, V. and Young, T. (2001) Surface Treatment of Titanium for Adhesive Bonding to Polymer Composites: A Review. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 21, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7496(00)00044-0
Rodrigues, S.B., Petzhold, C.L., Gamba, D., Leitune, V.C.B. and Collares, F.M. (2018) Acrylamides and Methacrylamides as Alternative Monomers for Dental Adhesives. Dental Materials, 34, 1634-1644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.296
Bouvet, G., Cohendoz, S., Feaugas, X., Touzain, S. and Mallarino, S. (2017) Microstructural Reorganization in Model Epoxy Network during Cyclic Hygrothermal Ageing. Polymer, 122, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.032
Krzeminska, S. and Rzymski, W.M. (2013) Thermodynamic Affinity of Elastomer-Solvent System and Barrier Properties of Elastomer Materials in Adhesive Systems. Acta Physica Polonica A, 124, 146-150. https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.124.146
Font, R., Sabater, M.C. and Martínez, M.A. (2001) Reduction of Solvent Content in Toluene-Neoprene Adhesives and in Acetone-Polyurethane Adhesives. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 15, 1677-1693. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685610152715719
Wan, Y., Gong, L., Tang, L., Wu, L. and Jiang, J. (2014) Composites: Part A Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites Filled with Silane-Functionalized Graphene Oxide. International Journal of Polymer Science, 64, 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.04.023
Razavi, S.M.J., Ayatollahi, M.R., Majidi, H.R. and Berto, F. (2018) A Strain-Based Criterion for Failure Load Prediction of Steel/CFRP Double Strap Joints. Composite Structures, 206, 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.08.046
Zhai, L.L., Ling, G.P.Ã. and Wang, Y.W. (2007) Effect of Nano-Al2O3 on Adhesion Strength of Epoxy Adhesive and Steel. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 28, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2007.03.005
Robaidi, A.A., Anagreh, N. and Massadeh, S. (2011) The Effect of Different Surface Pretreatment Methods on Nano-Adhesive Application in High Strength Steel and Aluminum Bonding. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 64, 79-89.
Knox, E.M. and Cowling, M.J. (2000) A Rapid Durability Test Method for Adhesives. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 20, 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7496(99)00045-7
Wang, C., Huang, Y.D., Xv, H.Y. and Liu, W.B. (2004) The Durability of Adhesive/Carbon-Carbon Composites Joints in Salt Water. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 24, 471-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2004.01.001