The effect of styrene on unsaturated phosphate ester polymers was investigated. Copolymerization was carried out by adding different proportions of styrene when the unsaturated phosphate was polymerized to obtain an unsaturated phosphate-styrene copolymer. The structure and crosslink density of the copolymer was determined by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and gel fraction (G) testing. The heat resistance and flame retardancy of the polymer were tested by thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and micro-combustion calorimeter (MCC). The infrared test proved that the styrene was successfully introduced into the polymer system. The gelation test results showed that the introduction of the rigid benzene ring increased the crosslink density of the copolymer. The tensile strength increased from 17.84 MPa to 34.63 MPa, and the impact strength remained stable within a certain range. At the same time, the solid ultraviolet absorption test results showed that the light transmittance of the materials was higher than 90%. The TG and DTG spectra showed that the heat resistance of the polymer was improved, but the residual carbon ratio was reduced from 30.47% to 25.54%. The LOI value decreased from 29.0% to 26.1%, and the UL-94 vertical burn rating was all V-0.
Namazi, H. (2017) Polymers in Our Daily Life. BioImpacts, 7, 73-74. https://doi.org/10.15171/bi.2017.09
Rommel, M. and Wagner, A. (1992) Application of Transparent Insulation Materials in Improved Flat-Plate Collectors and Integrated Collector Storages. Solar Energy, 49, 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(92)90109-N
Hosono, H. (2007) Frontier of Recent Progress in Transparent Oxide Semiconductors: New Materials and Device Application. Thin Solid Films, 515, 6000-6014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.125
Krell, A. and Strassburger, E. (2015) Transparent Composite Pane for Safety Applications. US, 9012045.
Dunn, P. and Sansom, G.F. (2010) Identification of Transparent Materials for Safety Applications. Australian Journal of Optometry, 52, 50-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1969.tb00088.x
Grause, G., Furusawa, M., Okuwaki, A., et al. (2008) Pyrolysis of Tetrabromobisphenol-A Containing Paper Laminated Printed Circuit Boards. Chemosphere, 71, 872-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.033
Yin, J., Li, G., He, W., et al. (2011) Hydrothermal Decomposition of Brominated Epoxy Resin in Waste Printed Circuit Boards. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis, 92, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2011.05.005
Zanetti, M., Camino, G., Thomann, R., et al. (2001) Synthesis and Thermal Behaviour of Layered Silicate-EVA Nanocomposites. Polymer, 42, 4501-4507. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00775-8
Lu, S.Y. and Hamerton, I. (2002) Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Polymers. Progress in Polymer Science, 27, 1661-1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00018-7
Nodera, A. and Kanai, T. (2006) Relationship between Thermal Degradation Behavior and Flame Retardancy on Polycarbonate Polydimethyl Siloxane Block Copolymer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 1697-1705. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.24269
Zhuo, D., Gu, A., Liang, G., et al. (2011) Flame Retardancy Materials Based on a Novel Fully End-Capped Hyperbranched Polysiloxane and Bismaleimide/ Diallylbisphenol A Resin with Simultaneously Improved Integrated Performance. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 6584-6594. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm10233h
Horacek, H. and Grabner, R. (1996) Advantages of Flame Retardants Based on Nitrogen Compounds. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 54, 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(96)00045-6
Xu, M., Li, X. and Li, B. (2016) Synthesis of a Novel Cross-Linked Organophosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Polymer and Its Application in Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins. Fire & Materials, 40, 848-860. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2349
Kappes, R.S., Urbainczyk, T., Artz, U., et al. (2016) Flame Retardants Based on Amino Silanes and Phenylphosphonic Acid. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 129, 168-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.04.012
Schmitt, E. (2007) Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants for Thermoplastics. Plastics Additives & Compounding, 9, 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-391X(07)70067-3
Vand, V.I. and De, B.J. (2012) Phosphorus Flame Retardants: Properties, Production, Environmental Occurrence, Toxicity and Analysis. Chemosphere, 88, 1119-1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.067
Badgayan, N.D., et al. (2018) Assessment of Nanoscopic Dynamic Mechanical Properties and B-C-N Triad Effect on 1D/2D Nanofillers Reinforced HDPE Hybrid Composite Using Oscillatory Nanoindentation: An Insight into Medical Applications. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 80, 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.01.027
Li, Y., Huang, X., Zeng, L., et al. (2018) A Review of the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanofiller-Reinforced Polymer Composites. Journal of Materials Science, 54, 1036-1076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3006-9
Mäkelä, J.T.A., Cooper, B.G., Korhonen, R.K., et al. (2018) Functional Effects of an Interpenetrating Polymer Network on Articular Cartilage Mechanical Properties. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26, 414-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.001
Kim, S.Y., Shin, H.S., Lee, Y.M., et al. (1999) Properties of Electroresponsive Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(acrylic acid) IPN Hydrogels under an Electric Stimulus. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 73, 1675-1683. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19990829)73:9 3.0.CO;2-9
Xie, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Li, H. and Huang, R. (2018) An in Situ Silicone-Silicone Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) with Higher Mechanical Property, Higher Hydrophilicity, and Lower Protein Adsorption. Journal of Materials Science, 53, 9325-9339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2146-2
Wang, B., Wang, X., Shi, Y., et al. (2012) Effect of Vinyl Acetate Content and Electron Beam Irradiation on the Flame Retardancy, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Intumescent Flame Retardant Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 81, 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.10.021
Guo, Y.N., Ming, J.Y., Li, C.Y., et al. (2011) Preparation and Properties of Transparent Copolymers Based on Cyclotriphosphazene and Styrene Aspotential Flame-Retardant Optical Resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 121, 3137-3144. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.33797
Wu, S., Zhang, Y., Han, J., et al. (2017) Copolymerization with Polyether Segments Improves the Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Polyesters. ACS Omega, 2, 2639-2648. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b00517
Liu, H., Lin, N., Yu, Y., et al. (2019) Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Transparent Flame Retardant Unsaturated Phosphate Ester Polymer. Polymer Engineering and Science, 59, 425-431. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.25077