Synthesis of Cu Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: Crystallographic, Optical, FTIR, Morphological and Photocatalytic Study

Abstract

Nanoparticles of Zn 1-x Cu x O system with nominal compositions x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 were prepared by co-precipitation method at room temperature. Structural, morphological, optical and chemical species of grown crystals were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. XRD analysis confirms that all samples have hexagonal structure with no impurity phases which suggest that Cu ion successfully incorporated into the regular ZnO crystal structure. The lattice parameters, volume of unit cell, X-ray density, atomic packing fraction, c/a ratio, and grain size were calculated from XRD pattern of pure and Cu doped ZnO samples and it was found that the grain size was in the range of 23 nm to 29 nm. The strain in pure and Cu doped ZnO samples was calculated by W-H analysis. Optical properties of Zn 1-x Cu x O samples were studied by using UV-vis spectrophotometer. Optical absorption spectra show that the band gap decreases with increasing Cu contents. The functional group and chemical interactions of Zn 1-x Cu x O samples were also determined at various peaks using FTIR data and observed that the functional groups corresponding to the Zn-O bands in the samples. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were investigated by oxidation of methylene blue under UV light illumination in batch reactor. The scavenger study was carried out to find out main reactive species responsible for the degradation of dyes.