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Characterization of the Crystal Structure of Sesame Seed Cake Burned by Nd: YAG Laser
Physics Department, Faculty of Education-Seyoun, Hadhramout University, Hadhramout, Yemen
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
Department of Physics, Faculty of Education and Applied Science, Hajjah University, Hajjah, Yemen
College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
Institute of Laser, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
Faculty of Basic Studies, Future University, Khartoum, Sudan
- 1 Physics Department, Faculty of Education-Seyoun, Hadhramout University, Hadhramout, Yemen
- 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
- 3 Department of Physics, Faculty of Education and Applied Science, Hajjah University, Hajjah, Yemen
- 4 College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
- 5 Institute of Laser, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
- 6 Faculty of Basic Studies, Future University, Khartoum, Sudan
Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering·Volume 06 (2018)·Pages 121–131·Published 12 April 2018·DOI10.4236/msce.2018.64013
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Abstract
This paper reports obtaining of useful and high-value materials from sesame seed cake (SSC). For this purpose, SSC sample was burned for 30 s using Nd: YAG laser with output power 60 W. The products of this process and non-burned SSC were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) so as to investigate its crystal structure and chemical components. XRD results of the SSC before burning process showed amorphous silica, rhombohedral phase of carbon, monoclinic phase of aluminum chloride, the hexagonal phase of moissanite-4H, (yellow, black) and hexagonal phase of graphite-2H, C (black). While the results of the burned SSC sample showed that the burning process using the power of Nd: YAG laser cased in appearing of crystalline hexagonal phase for silica and Carbon Nitride and converting the rhombohedral phase of Carbon into hexagonal phase. FTIR showed a number of absorbance peaks assigned to silica.
KeywordsCrystal StructureFTIRHexagonal CarbonLaser-Based CombustionSesame Seed CakeSesame Oil CakeSilicaXRD
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