Pinetonina<sup>TM</sup>, an Intranasally Administered Essential Oil Preparation, Is Effective in Decrease of Cortisol Levels and on the Glutamate Release Modulation — Oak Academic Publishing
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Pinetonina<sup>TM</sup>, an Intranasally Administered Essential Oil Preparation, Is Effective in Decrease of Cortisol Levels and on the Glutamate Release Modulation
Institute of Osmology and Essential Oils, Camanducaia, Brazil
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Institute of Osmology and Essential Oils, Camanducaia, Brazil
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Institute of Osmology and Essential Oils, Camanducaia, Brazil
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Group of Fitocomplexes and Cellular Signaling, School of Health Science, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, Brazil
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University of Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
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University of Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
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University of Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
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University of Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
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Group of Fitocomplexes and Cellular Signaling, School of Health Science, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Institute of Osmology and Essential Oils, Minas Gerais, Brazil and Group of Fitocomplexes and Cellular Signaling, School of Health Science, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, Brazil
1 Institute of Osmology and Essential Oils, Camanducaia, Brazil
2 Institute of Osmology and Essential Oils, Camanducaia, Brazil
3 Institute of Osmology and Essential Oils, Camanducaia, Brazil
4 Group of Fitocomplexes and Cellular Signaling, School of Health Science, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, Brazil
5 University of Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
6 University of Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
7 University of Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
8 University of Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
9 Group of Fitocomplexes and Cellular Signaling, School of Health Science, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, Brazil
10 Institute of Osmology and Essential Oils, Minas Gerais, Brazil and Group of Fitocomplexes and Cellular Signaling, School of Health Science, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, Brazil
Background: Most anxiety complaints are treated with pharmacological measures involving barbiturates and benzodiazepines, in which they may end up causing tolerance and pharmacological dependence. Integrative approaches such as aromatherapy are used in addition to medications to improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety. Thus, Pinetonin TM , a phytocomplex obtained from a blend of essential oils aims to aid in the symptoms of stress and anxiety. Methods: The cytotoxicity of Pinetonin TM was evaluated MTT assay using fibroblasts and astrocytes showed reduction in the cell viability only at high concentrations. Evaluation of intracellular calcium and determination of residual glutamate in the supernatant of astrocyte cultures showed agonist action of dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) increasing linearly the concentration of intracellular calcium and the glutamate levels in the supernatants of the cultures. On the other hand, cultures of astrocytes treated with Pinetonin TM showed residual glutamate levels in the supernatants reducing proportionally, as well as, intracellular calcium reduction. The determination of salivary cortisol showed a significant reduction in salivary cortisol levels in the group that received Pinetonin TM . The evaluation of the electroencephalogram in patients treated with Pinetonin TM had a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the frequency (Hz) of the alpha and beta waves. Results: A reduction in dose-dependent cell viability was observed when compared to cultures of Pinetonin TM treated fibroblasts with control culture. When Pinetonin TM and linole are administered in astrocytic cells, there was a reduction of the intracellular concentration of Ca 2+ against a control group treated with DHPG agonist. The evaluation of salivary cortisol demonstrated a reduction when the patient group was treated with Pinetonin TM by purchasing the results against the group of patients treated with saline. Reinforcing the relaxed state of that group, alpha waves have been increased and reductions in beta waves. Conclusion: The results obtained after intranasal administration of Pinetonin TM suggest that this phytocomplex can help reduce the symptoms of stress and the better quality of life.
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