Providing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services through Common Pool Resource Management as Hybrid Institution: On Eco-Net Advances and Payments for ESS in Cultural Landscapes — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Providing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services through Common Pool Resource Management as Hybrid Institution: On Eco-Net Advances and Payments for ESS in Cultural Landscapes
Department of Agricultural Policy and Market Analysis, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
1 Department of Agricultural Policy and Market Analysis, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
In many rural areas the management of natural resources is confronted with the tragedy of the common problem; not only historically but also in modern times. Especially where biodiversity loss appears and ecosystem services (ESS) decline, the lack of public management might be related to inappropriate institutional setups. Two distinct directions of thought prevail on the subject. On one hand, proponents of property rights and minimal state intervention eagerly analyse the feat of modern institutions and view private property and payments for ecosystem services (PES) as solution. On the other hand, common pool resource management (CPM) has regained interest because nature is not a straight commodity and cooperation in ESS provision is needed (partly also to facilitate PES). In this paper, the two aspects are combined in a hybrid institution. We suggest a new way of approaching institutional questions in ESS provision as synthesis of private and publically controlled ESS provision. It is contemplated as ESS governance of local eco-nets given the potential for inclusion of public management. In principle, the result is a controlled framework of land sharing between farm land (private ownership) and communally managed land (public ownership). Some land is devoted to hedges, wetlands, etc. Land is an immobile resource and can be used for EESs based on planned species prevalence, whereas communities compete also for labour which can move (or not). Governance is acting in competing constituencies and is a mean to control the regulating entities (public ESS management). At a meta-level we combine the need for public management with advantages of a competitive neo-classical framework. This contribution to CPM investigates a model of a group whose well-being is based on ESS provision in a cultural landscape. By statutory regulations, land (field margins), is ex-tracted from farms for ESS; in particular a leader (called reeve) guides farmers. Two institutions are compared: (1) labour in public land for ESS based farming ( i.e. it is controlled by public authority), or (2) it can migrate seeking higher rents in neighbouring communities.
KeywordsCommon Property ManagementCompetition between CommunitiesESS Regulations
Kleijn, D., Baquero, R.A., Clough, Y., Diaz, M., De Esteban, J., Fernandez, F., Gabriel, D., Herzog, F., Holzschuh, A., Johl, R., Knop, E., Kruess, A., Marshall, E.J.P., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Tscharntke, T., Verhulst, J., West, T.M. and Yela, J.L. (2006) Mixed Biodiversity Benefits of Agri-Environment Schemes in Five European Countries. Ecology Letters, 9, 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00869.x
Hanley, N., Banerjee, S., Lennox, G.D. and Armsworth, P.R. (2012) How Should We Incentivize Private Landowners to “Produce” More Biodiversity? Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 228, 93-113. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grs002
Bamière, L., David, M. and Vermont, B. (2013) Agri-Environmental Policies for Biodiversity When the Spatial Pattern of the Reserve Matters. Ecological Economics, 85, 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.11.004
Mettepeningen, E., Beckmann, V. and Eggers, J. (2011) Public Transaction Costs of Agri-Environmental Schemes and their Determinants-Analysing Stakeholder Involvement and Perceptions. Ecological Economics, 70-81.
Scherr, S. and McNeely, J.A. (2008) Biodiversity Conservation and Agricultural Sustainability: Towards a New Paradigm of “Eco-Agriculture” Landscapes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 363, 477-494. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2165
Hanley, N., Acs, S., Dallimer, M., Gaston, K.J., Graves, A., Morris, J. and Armsworth, P.R. (2012) Farmscale Ecological and Economic Impacts of Agricultural Change in the Uplands. Land Use Policy, 29, 587-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.10.001
Nuppenau, E.-A. (2014) Integrated Modelling of Payment for Ecosystem Services: Using Willingness to Pay and Accept, for Nature Provision and Addressing Public Management in Cultural Landscape. Operational Research, 14, 151-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-014-0150-0
Runge, C.F. and Defrancesco, E. (2006) Exclusion, Inclusion, and Enclosure: Historical Commons and Modern Intellectual Property. World Development, 34, 1713-1727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.02.002
Packhurst, C., Kivi, P., Donner, J. and Smith, R.B.W. (2002) Agglomeration Bonus: An Incentive Mechanism to Re-Unit Fragmented Habitats for Biodiversity Conservation. Ecological Economics, 41, 305-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00036-8
Packhurst, G.M. and Shogren, J.F. (2007) Spatial Incentives to Coordinate Contiguous Habitat. Ecological Economics, 64, 344-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.009
Durant, R., Younbg-Pyoung, C., Byungseob, K., KIM and Seongjong, L. (2004) Paradigm for Environmental and Natural Resource Management in the 21st Century. Administration and Society, January 2004, 35, 643-682.
Hodge, I.D. and Willima, M.A. (2012) Neoliberalism, Rural Land Trusts and Institutional Blending. Geoforum, 43, 472-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.11.007
Jones, P.J.S. (2013) Governing Protected Areas to Fulfil Biodiversity Conservation Obligations: From Habermasian Ideals to a More Instrumental Reality. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15, 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-012-9375-3
Rauscher, M. (1998) Leviathan and Competition among Jurisdictions: The Case of Benefit Taxation. Journal of Urban Economics, 44, 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1997.2060
Araral, E. (2014) Ostrom, Hardin and the Commons: A Critical Appreciation and a Revisionist View. Environmental Science & Policy, 36, 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.07.011
Brunckhorst, D.J. (2005) Integration Research for Shaping Sustainable Regional Landscapes. Journal of Research Practice, 1, Article M7. http://jrp.icaap.org/index.php/jrp/article/view/16/35
Rauscher, M. (2000) Interjurisdictional Competition and Publich Sector Prodigalty: The Triumphe of the Market over the Sate. Finanzarchiv, 57, 89-105. https://doi.org/10.1628/0015221014006224
Defrancesco, E., Gatto, P., Runge, F.S. and Trestini, S. (2007) Factors Affecting Farmers’ Participation in Agri-Environmental Measures: A Northern Italian Perspective. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 59, 114-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2007.00134.x
Vanberg, V. (2000) Globalization, Democracy, and Citizens’ Sovereignty: Can Competition among Governments Enhance Democracy? Constitutional Political Economy, 11, 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009026301486
Rauscher, M. (2005) Economic Growth and Tax-Competing Leviathans. International Tax and Public Finance, 12, 457-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-005-1834-4
Rauscher, M. (2007) Tax Competition, Capital Mobility and Innovation in the Public Sector. German Economic Review, 8, 28-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2007.00132.x
Oskam, A. and Slangen, L. (1998) The Financial and Economic Consequences of a Wildlife Development and Conservation Plan: A Case-Study for the Ecological Main Structure in the Netherlands. In: Dabbert, S., Dubgaard, A., Slangen, L. and Whitby, M., Eds., The Economics of Landscape and Wildlife Conservation, 113-133.
Cooke, B. and Moon, K. (2015) Methodological and Ideological Options Aligning “Public Good” Environmental Stewardship with the Landscape-Scale: Adapting MBIs for Private Land Conservation Policy. Ecological Economics, 114, 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.027
Wossink, A., Jurgens, C. and van Wenum, J. (1998) Optimal Allocation of Wildlife conservation Areas within Agricultural Land. In: Dabbert, S., Dubgaard, Al., Slangen, L. and Whithby, M., Eds., The Economics of Landscape and Wildlife Conservation, Wallingford, 205-216.
Perfecto, I. and Vandermeer, J. (2007) Agroecological Matrix as Alternative to the Sparing/Agricultural Intensification Model. PNAS, 107, 5786-5791. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905455107
Perfecto, I., Vandermeer, J. and Wright, A. (2009) Nature’s Matrix. Linking Agriculture, Conservation and Food Sovereignty. Sterling.
McCairns, J. (2004) Eco-Ethical Issues: Self-Regulating versus Subsidized Ecosystems. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 11, 36-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500409469809
Hanna, S.S., Folke, C. and Maler, K.-G., Eds. (1996) Rights to Nature. Ecological, Economic, Cultural and Political Principles of Institutions for the Environment. Washington DC.
Dauber, J., Purtauf, T., Allspach, A., Frisch, J., Voigtlander, K. and Wolters, V. (2005) Local vs. Landscape Controls on Diversity: A Test Using Surface-Dwelling Soil Macroinvertebrates of Differing Mobility. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 14, 213-221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2005.00150.x
Fohrer, N., Moller, D. and Steiner, N. (2002) An Interdisciplinary Modelling Approach to Evaluate the Effects of Land Use Systems. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 27, 655-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7065(02)00050-5
Perfecto, I. and Vandermeer, J. (2006) The Agricultural Matrix and a Future Paradigm for Conservation. Conservation Biology, 21, 274-277.
Wossink, A., von Wenum, J., Jurgens, C. and de Snoo, G. (1999) Co-Ordinating Economic, Behavioural and Spatial Aspects of Wildlife Preservation in Agriculture. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 26, 443-460.
Nuppenau, E.-A. and Helmer, M. (2004) Biodiversity Management through Compensation Payments forLandscape Elements: On Spatial Aspects in Bio-Economic Modelling to Get Cost Effectiveness. Sixth Annual BioEcoWorkshop at King’s College Cambridge, 2-3 September 2004.
Lankoski, J. and Ollikainen, M. (2003) Agri-Environmental Externalities: A Framework for Designing Targeted Policies. European Review of Agricultural Econonmics, 30, 51-75. https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/30.1.51
Meffe, G.K., Nielsen, L.A., Knight, R.L. and Schenborn, D.A. (2007) Ecosystem Management: Adaptive, Community-Based Conservation. Washington DC.
de Groot, R.S., Alemade, R., Braat, L., Hein, L. and Willemen, L. (2010) Challenges in Integrating the Concept of Ecosystem Services and Values in Landscape Planning, Management and Decision Making. Ecological Complexity, 3, 260-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.10.006
Harsanyi, J.C. (1993) A Simplified Bargaining Model for the N-Person Cooperative Game. International Economic Review, 4, 194-220. https://doi.org/10.2307/2525487
Hashimoto, S., Nakamura, S., Saito, O., Kohsaka, R., Kamiyama, C., Tomiyoshi, M. and Kishioka, T. (2014) Mapping and Characterizing Ecosystem Services of Social-Ecological Production Landscapes: Case Study of Noto. Japan Sustainability Science, 9, 431-438.
Rohm, O. and Dabbert, S. (1999) Modelling Regional Production and Income. In: Huylenbrook, G.V. and Withby, M., Eds., Countryside Stewardship: Farmers, Policies and Markets, Amsterdam, 113-133.
Lankoski, J., Lichtenberg, E. and Ollikainen, M. (2008) Point/Nonpoint Pollution Effluent Trading with Spatial Heterogeneity. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 90, 1044-1058. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01172.x
Theil, H. (1971) Principles of Econometrics. New York.
Zusman, P. (1976) The Incorporation and Measurement of Social Power in Economic Models. International Economic Review, 17, 447-462. https://doi.org/10.2307/2525712
Rausser, G. and Zusman, P. (1992) Public Policy: Explanations and Constitutional Prescriptions. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 74, 247-257. https://doi.org/10.2307/1242479
Cambers, R. (1988) Applied Production Economics: A Dual Approach. Cambridge.
Paris, Q. and Howitt, R.E. (2001) The Multi-Output and Multi-Input Symmetric Positive Equilibrium Problem. In: Heckelei, T., Witzke, H.P. and Henrichsmeyer, W., Eds., Agricultural Sector Modelling and Policy Information Systems, 88-100.
Golan, M., Judge, G.G. and Miller, D. (1996) Maximum Entropy. Wiley, Somerset.
Mitchell, R.C. and Carson, R.T. (1989) Using Surveys to Value Public Goods, the CV Method. Washington. International Economic Review, 4, 194-220.
Rawls, J. (2000) Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Cambridge, MA.
Bromley, D. (2006) Sufficient Reason: Volitional Pragmatism and the Meaning of Economic Institutions. Princeton.