The damage of coronavirus to our Earth is unprecedented that is going to kill the entire human beings. Facing this kind of situation, there are two completely different kinds of viewpoints. According to the philosophy of “Atheists” Karl Max and Friedrich Engels, “there is a Bigging, there must be an End”, meaning our Earth will eventually collide with the other planet and be destroyed completely. According to Holly Bible, however, Jesus, will come down again to bring Godly people to the Heaven and leave the remaining in the coronavirus-hell. During this waiting period, the “Internet Institutes” can provide the most useful knowledge for the other planets.
KeywordsPandemic COVID-19The End of WorldThe Prophecy of Revelation in BibleThe Internet Institutes
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Chen, Y. and Fan, X. (2020) Use of Chou’s 5-Steps Rule to Reveal Active Compound and Mechanism of Shuangshen Pingfei San on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Current Molecular Medicine, 20, 220-230. https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524019666191011160543
Du, L., Meng, Q., Jiang, H. and Li, Y. (2020) Using Evolutionary Information and Multi-Label Linear Discriminant Analysis to Predict the Subcellular Location of Multi-Site Bacterial Proteins via Chou’s 5-Steps Rule. IEEE Access, 8, 56452-56461. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982160
Dutta, A., Dalmia, A., A. R, Singh, K.K. and Anand, A. (2020) Using the Chou’s 5-Steps Rule to Predict Splice Junctions with Interpretable Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 116, Article ID: 103558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103558
Ju, Z. and Wang, S.Y. (2020) Prediction of Lysine Formylation Sites Using the Composition of k-Spaced Amino Acid Pairs via Chou’s 5-Steps Rule and General Pseudo Components. Genomics, 112, 859-866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.05.027
Kabir, M., Ahmad, S., Iqbal, M. and Hayat, M. (2020) iNR-2L: A Two-Level Sequence-Based Predictor Developed via Chou’s 5-Steps Rule and General PseAAC for Identifying Nuclear Receptors and Their Families. Genomics, 112, 276-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.02.006
Lin, W., Xiao, X., Qiu, W. and Chou, K.C. (2020) Use Chou’s 5-Steps Rule to Predict Remote Homology Proteins by Merging Grey Incidence Analysis and Domain Similarity Analysis. Natural Science, 12, 181-198. https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2020.123016
Vundavilli, H., Datta, A., Sima, C., Hua, J., Lopes, R. and Bittner, M. (2020) Using Chou’s 5-Steps Rule to Model Feedback in Lung Cancer. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 21, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2019.2958042
Yang, L., Lv, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, Q., Pan, Y., Su, D., Lu, Q. and Zuo, Y. (2020) Identifying FL11 Subtype by Characterizing Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Prostate Adenocarcinoma via Chou’s 5-Steps Rule. Genomics, 112, 1500-1515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.021
Chou, K.C., Lin, W.Z. and Xiao, X. (2011) Wenxiang: A Web-Server for Drawing Wenxiang Diagrams. Natural Science, 3, 862-865. https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2011.310111
Zhou, G.P. (2011) The Disposition of the LZCC Protein Residues in Wenxiang Diagram Provides New Insights into the Protein-Protein Interaction Mechanism. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 284, 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.06.006
Zhou, G.P., Chen, D., Liao, S. and Huang, R.B. (2016) Recent Progresses in Studying Helix-Helix Interactions in Proteins by Incorporating the Wenxiang Diagram into the NMR Spectroscopy. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 16, 581-590. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150819104617
Chou, K.C. (1993) A Vectorized Sequence-Coupling Model for Predicting HIV Protease Cleavage Sites in Proteins. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268, 16938-16948.
Chou, K.C. and Zhang, C.T. (1992) Diagrammatization of Codon Usage in 339 HIV Proteins and Its Biological Implication. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 8, 1967-1976. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.1992.8.1967
Chou, J.J. (1993) Predicting Cleavability of Peptide Sequences by HIV Protease via Correlation-Angle Approach. Journal of Protein Chemistry, 12, 291-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01028191
Chou, K.C., Tomasselli, A.L., Reardon, I.M. and Heinrikson, R.L. (1996) Predicting HIV Protease Cleavage Sites in Proteins by a Discriminant Function Method. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 24, 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(199601)24:1 3.0.CO;2-R
Chou, K.C. and Zhang, C.T. (1993) Studies on the Specificity of HIV Protease: An Application of Markov Chain Theory. Journal of Protein Chemistry, 12, 709-724. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024929
Chou, K.C., Zhang, C.T. and Kezdy, F.J. (1993) A Vector Approach to Predicting HIV Protease Cleavage Sites in Proteins. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 16, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.340160206
Chou, K.C. and Forsen, S. (1980) Graphical Rules for Enzyme-Catalyzed Rate Laws. Biochemical Journal, 187, 829-835. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1870829
Chou, K.C. (1981) A New Graphical Rule for Rate Laws of Enzyme Reactions with Branched Pathways. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry, 59, 757-761. https://doi.org/10.1139/o81-105
Chou, K.C., Carter, R.E. and Forsen, S. (1981) A New Graphical Method for Deriving Rate Equations for Complicated Mechanisms. Chemica Scripta, 18, 82-86.
Chou, K.C. and Forsen, S. (1981) Graphical Rules of Steady-State Reaction Systems. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 59, 737-755. https://doi.org/10.1139/v81-107
Chou, K.C. and Liu, W.M. (1981) Graphical Rules for Non-Steady State Enzyme Kinetics. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 91, 637-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(81)90215-0
Chou, K.C. (1983) Advances in Graphical Methods of Enzyme Kinetics. Biophysical Chemistry, 17, 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(83)87013-6
Chou, K.C. (1989) Graphic Rules in Steady and Non-Steady Enzyme Kinetics. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264, 12074-12079.
Chou, K.C. (1993) Graphic Rule for Non-Steady-State Enzyme Kinetics and Protein Folding Kinetics. Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, 12, 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164628
Chou, K.C. (2010) Graphic Rule for Drug Metabolism Systems. Current Drug Metabolism, 11, 369-378. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920010791514261
Chou, K.C. and Forsen, S. (1980) Diffusion-Controlled Effects in Reversible Enzymatic Fast Reaction System: Critical Spherical Shell and Proximity Rate Constants. Biophysical Chemistry, 12, 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(80)80002-0
Chou, K.C. (1983) Low-Frequency Vibrations of Helical Structures in Protein Molecules. Biochemical Journal, 209, 573-580. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2090573
Chou, K.C. (1983) Identification of Low-Frequency Modes in Protein Molecules. Biochemical Journal, 215, 465-469. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2150465
Zhou, G.P. and Deng, M.H. (1984) An Extension of Chou’s Graphic Rules for Deriving Enzyme Kinetic Equations to Systems Involving Parallel Reaction Pathways. Biochemical Journal, 222, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2220169
Chou, K.C. (1984) Biological Functions of Low-Frequency Vibrations (Phonons). III. Helical Structures and Microenvironment. Biophysical Journal, 45, 881-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(84)84234-4
Chou, K.C. (1984) The Biological Functions of Low-Frequency Phonons. 4. Resonance Effects and Allosteric Transition. Biophysical Chemistry, 20, 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(84)80005-8
Chou, K.C. (1984) Low-Frequency Vibrations of DNA Molecules. Biochemical Journal, 221, 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2210027
Chou, K.C. (1985) Low-Frequency Motions in Protein Molecules: Beta-Sheet and Beta-Barrel. Biophysical Journal, 48, 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(85)83782-6
Chou, K.C. (1985) Prediction of a Low-Frequency Mode in Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor Molecule. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 7, 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(85)90035-2
Chou, K.C. and Kiang, Y.S. (1985) The Biological Functions of Low-Frequency Phonons: 5. A Phenomenological Theory. Biophysical Chemistry, 22, 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(85)80045-4
Chou, K.C. (1986) Origin of Low-Frequency Motion in Biological Macromolecules: A View of Recent Progress of Quasi-Continuity Model. Biophysical Chemistry, 25, 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(86)87001-6
Chou, K.C. (1987) The Biological Functions of Low-Frequency Phonons: 6. A Possible Dynamic Mechanism of Allosteric Transition in Antibody Molecules. Biopolymers, 26, 285-295. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.360260209
Chou, K.C. (1988) Review: Low-Frequency Collective Motion in Biomacromolecules and Its Biological Functions. Biophysical Chemistry, 30, 3-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(88)85002-6
Chou, K.C. and Maggiora, G.M. (1988) The Biological Functions of Low-Frequency Phonons: 7. The Impetus for DNA to Accommodate Intercalators. British Polymer Journal, 20, 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.4980200209
Chou, K.C. (1989) Low-Frequency Resonance and Cooperativity of Hemoglobin. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 14, 212-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(89)90026-1
Chou, K.C., Maggiora, G.M. and Mao, B. (1989) Quasi-Continuum Models of Twist-Like and Accordion-Like Low-Frequency Motions in DNA. Biophysical Journal, 56, 295-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(89)82676-1
Chou, K.C. (1990) Review: Applications of Graph Theory to Enzyme Kinetics and Protein Folding Kinetics. Steady and Non-Steady State Systems. Biophysical Chemistry, 35, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(90)80056-D
Althaus, I.W., Chou, J.J., Gonzales, A.J., Diebel, M.R., Chou, K.C., Kezdy, F.J., Romero, D.L., Aristoff, P.A., Tarpley, W.G. and Reusser, F. (1993) Steady-State Kinetic Studies with the Non-Nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor U-87201E. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268, 6119-6124.
Althaus, I.W., Gonzales, A.J., Chou, J.J., Diebel, M.R., Chou, K.C., Kezdy, F.J., Romero, D.L., Aristoff, P.A., Tarpley, W.G. and Reusser, F. (1993) The Quinoline U-78036 Is a Potent Inhibitor of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268, 14875-14880.
Althaus, I.W., Chou, J.J., Gonzales, A.J., Diebel, M.R., Chou, K.C., Kezdy, F.J., Romero, D.L., Aristoff, P.A., Tarpley, W.G. and Reusser, F. (1993) Kinetic Studies with the Nonnucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor U-88204E. Biochemistry, 32, 6548-6554. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00077a008
Althaus, I.W., Chou, J.J., Gonzales, A.J., Diebel, M.R., Chou, K.C., Kezdy, F.J., Romero, D.L., Aristoff, P.A., Tarpley, W.G. and Reusser, F. (1994) Steady-State Kinetic Studies with the Polysulfonate U-9843, an HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. Experientia, 50, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01992044
Althaus, I.W., Chou, J.J., Gonzales, A.J., Diebel, M.R., Chou, K.C., Kezdy, F.J., Romero, D.L., Thomas, R.C., Aristoff, P.A., Tarpley, W.G. and Reusser, F. (1994) Kinetic Studies with the Non-Nucleoside Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor U-90152E. Biochemical Pharmacology, 47, 2017-2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(94)90077-9
Chou, K.C., Kezdy, F.J. and Reusser, F. (1994) Review: Kinetics of Processive Nucleic Acid Polymerases and Nucleases. Analytical Biochemistry, 221, 217-230. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1994.1405
Chou, K.C., Zhang, C.T. and Maggiora, G.M. (1994) Solitary Wave Dynamics as a Mechanism for Explaining the Internal Motion during Microtubule Growth. Biopolymers, 34, 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.360340114
Althaus, I.W., Chou, K.C., Franks, K.M., Diebel, M.R., Kezdy, F.J., Romero, D.L., Thomas, R.C., Aristoff, P.A., Tarpley, W.G. and Reusser, F. (1996) The Benzylthio-Pyrididine U-31,355, a Potent Inhibitor of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. Biochemical Pharmacology, 51, 743-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(95)02390-9
Liu, H., Wang, M. and Chou, K.C. (2005) Low-Frequency Fourier Spectrum for Predicting Membrane Protein Types. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (BBRC), 336, 737-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.160
Gordon, G. (2007) Designed Electromagnetic Pulsed Therapy: Clinical Applications. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 212, 579-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.21025
Andraos, J. (2008) Kinetic Plasticity and the Determination of Product Ratios for Kinetic Schemes Leading to Multiple Products without Rate Laws: New Methods Based on Directed Graphs. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 86, 342-357. https://doi.org/10.1139/v08-020
Chou, K.C. and Shen, H.B. (2009) FoldRate: A Web-Server for Predicting Protein Folding Rates from Primary Sequence. The Open Bioinformatics Journal, 3, 31-50. https://doi.org/10.2174/1875036200903010031
Shen, H.B., Song, J.N. and Chou, K.C. (2009) Prediction of Protein Folding Rates from Primary Sequence by Fusing Multiple Sequential Features. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE), 2, 136-143. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2009.23024
Wang, J.F. and Chou, K.C. (2009) Insight into the Molecular Switch Mechanism of Human Rab5a from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (BBRC), 390, 608-612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.014
Gordon, G. (2008) Extrinsic Electromagnetic Fields, Low Frequency (Phonon) Vibrations, and Control of Cell Function: A Non-Linear Resonance System. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE), 1, 152-156. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2008.13025
Madkan, A., Blank, M., Elson, E., Chou, K.C., Geddis, M.S. and Goodman, R. (2009) Steps to the Clinic with ELF EMF. Natural Science, 1, 157-165. https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2009.13020
Lian, P., Wei, D.Q., Wang, J.F. and Chou, K.C. (2011) An Allosteric Mechanism Inferred from Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Phospholamban Pentamer in Lipid Membranes. PLoS ONE, 6, e18587. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018587
Liao, Q.H., Gao, Q.Z., Wei, J. and Chou, K.C. (2011) Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study on the Inhibitory Activity of Novel Inhibitors on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Medicinal Chemistry, 7, 24-31. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340611794072698
Wang, J.F. and Chou, K.C. (2012) Recent Advances in Computational Studies on Influenza a Virus M2 Proton Channel. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 971-978. https://doi.org/10.2174/138955712802762275
Zhang, T., Wei, D.Q. and Chou, K.C. (2012) A Pharmacophore Model Specific to Active Site of CYP1A2 with a Novel Molecular Modeling Explorer and CoMFA. Medicinal Chemistry, 8, 198-207. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493601
Jia, J., Liu, Z., Xiao, X. and Chou, K.C. (2015) iPPI-Esml: An Ensemble Classifier for Identifying the Interactions of Proteins by Incorporating Their Physicochemical Properties and Wavelet Transforms into PseAAC. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 377, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.011
Jia, J., Liu, Z., Xiao, X., Liu, B. and Chou, K.C. (2016) Identification of Protein-Protein Binding Sites by Incorporating the Physicochemical Properties and Stationary Wavelet Transforms into Pseudo Amino Acid Compo sition (iPPBS-PseAAC). Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics (JBSD), 34, 1946-1961. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2015.1095116
Chou, K.C. (2019) Proposing Pseudo Amino Acid Components Is an Important Milestone for Proteome and Genome Analyses. International Journal for Peptide Research and Therapeutics (IJPRT), 26, 1085-1098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-019-09910-7
Chou, K.C. (2019) Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools Constructed via the 5-Steps Rule for Predicting Post-Translational Modifications. Trends in Artificial Intelligence (TIA), 3, 60-74. https://doi.org/10.36959/643/304
Chou, K.C. (2019) Impacts of Pseudo Amino Acid Components and 5-Steps Rule to Proteomics and Proteome Analysis. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 19, 2283-2300. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666191018100141
Chou, K.C. (2019) An Insightful Recollection for Predicting Protein Subcellular Locations in Multi-Label Systems. Genomics. (In Press) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.022
Chou, K.C. (2019) Advance in Predicting Subcellular Localization of Multi-Label Proteins and Its Implication for Developing Multi-Target Drugs. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 26, 4918-4943. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190507082559