The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the correspondence of science to reality) and also a novel scheme for different classes of sciences with different ob-jects and paradigms. There are analyzed the chosen “great” and “grand” problems of phys-ics (including the comprehension of quantum mechanics, with a recently elaborated new chapter, connected with time as a quantum obs- ervable and time analysis of quantum processes) and also of natural sciences as a whole. The particular attention is paid to the interpretation questions and slightly to the aspects, inevitably connected with the world- views of the res- earchers (which do often constitute a part of the interpretation questions).
Keywordsscience historyscience realismparadigmproblem of interpretation and comprehension of quantum mechanicsthe wave-function collapsethe Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradoxtime as a quantum observablecanonically conjugated to energymaximal hermitian time operatortime analysis of quantum processesrelationship be-tween physics and biologyproblem of origin of biologic lifereductionismcosmologic problem
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