The thermoanalytical, infrared and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric sifting of poly (methyl methacrylate) in the presence of phosphorus tribromide — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
The thermoanalytical, infrared and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric sifting of poly (methyl methacrylate) in the presence of phosphorus tribromide
The behaviour of poly(methyl methacrylate) was examined in the presence of phosphorus tri-bromide (PBr3) with varying concentrations. Films were cast from common solvent and subjected to TG, DTA, DTG, IR and Py-GC-MS for evaluating the degradation routes. Despite early decomposition of the blends, certain tempera-ture zones were identified for stabilization of the system. New products were found and mecha-nisms of their formation were proposed. Pyro-lysis of the blends was also carried out at dif-ferent temperatures to ascertain the nature of interaction between the constituents of the system.
Laachachi, A., Cochez, M., Ferriol, M., Leroy, E., Lopez, C.M. and Oget, N. (2004) Influence of Sb2O3 particles as filler on the thermal stability and flammability properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Polymer Deg-radation and Stability, 85(1), 641-646.
Ebdon, J.R., Hunt, B.J. and Joseph, P. (2004) Thermal degradation and flammability characteristics of some polystyrenes and poly (methyl methacrylate) chemically modified with silicon-containing groups. Polymer Deg-radation and Stability, 83(1), 181-185.
Gentilhomme, A., Cochez, M., Ferriol, M., Oget, N. and Mieloszynski, J.L. (2003) Thermal degradation of methyl methacrylate polymers functionalized by phosphorus containing molecules – II: Initial flame retardance and mechanistic studies. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 82(2), 347-355.
Price, D., Pyrah, K., Hull, T.R., Milnes, G.J., Ebdon, J.R., Hunt, B.J. and Joseph P. (2002) Flame retardance of poly (methyl methacrylate) modified with phosphorus con-taining compounds. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 77(2), 227-233.
Price, D., Pyrah, K., Hull, T.R., Milnes, G.J., Ebdon, J.R., Hunt, B.J., Joseph, P. and Konkel, C.S. (2001) Flame re-tarding poly (methyl methacrylate) with phosphorous containing compounds: Comparison of an additive with a reactive approach. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 74(3), 441-447.
Ebdon, J.R., Price, D., Hunt, B.J., Joseph, P., Gao, F., Milnes, G.J. and Cunliffe, L.K. (2000) Flame retardance in some polystyrene and poly (methyl methacrylate) with covalently bound phosphorus – containing groups: Initial screening experiments and some laser pyrolysis mecha-nistic studies. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 69(3), 267-277.
Chang, T.C. and Wu, K.H. (1997) The effect of silicon and phosphorus on the thermo-oxidative degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate). Polymer Degradation and Stability, 57(4), 325-330.
Nair, C.P.R., Clouet, G. and Guilbert, Y. (1989) Flame and thermal resistance of phosphorous – functionalized poly (methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 26(4), 305-331.
Chandrasiri, J.A. and Wilkie, C.A. (1994) Thermal deg-radation of poly (methyl methacrylate) in the presence of tin (IV) chloride and tetraphenyltin. Polymer Degrada-tion and Stability, 45(1), 91-96.
Chandrasiri, J.A., Roberts, D.E. and Wilkie, C.A. (1994) The effect of some transition metal chlorides on the thermal degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate): A study using TGA–FTIR spectrometry. Polymer Degrada-tion and Stability, 45(1), 97-101.
McNeill, I.C. and McGuiness, R.C. (1984) The effect of zinc bromide on the thermal degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate): Part I – Thermal analysis studies and gen-eral nature of the interaction. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 9(3), 167-183.
McNeill, I.C. and McGuiness, R.C. (1984) The effect of zinc bromide on the thermal degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate): Part 2 – Reaction products, structural changes and degradation mechanism. Polymer Degrada-tion and Stability, 9(4), 209-224.
Song, J., Fischer, C. H. and Schnabel, W. (1992) Thermal oxidative degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate). Polymer Degradation and Stability, 36(3), 261-266.
Wochnowski, C., Eldin, M. A. S. and Metev S. (2005) UV-laser-assisted degradation of poly (methyl methacry-late). Polymer Degradation and Stability, 89(2), 252-264.
Zulfiqar, S., Paracha, A. and Masud, K. (1996) The thermal degradation of poly (allyl methacrylate). Poly-mer Degradation and Stability, 52(1), 89-93.
Zulfiqar, S., Masud, K., Siddique, B. and Paracha, A. (1996) Thermal degradation of phenyl methacrylate-sty- rene copolymers. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 52(3), 293-299.
Zulfiqar, S., Masud, K., Piracha, A. and McNeill, I.C. (1997) Thermal degradation of allyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymers. Polymer Degradation and Sta-bility, 55(3), 257-263.
Zulfiqar, S. and Masud, K. (2000) Thermal degradation of blends of allyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate co-polymers with aluminum ethoxide. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 70(2), 229-236.
Zulfiqar, S., Masud, K. and Ameer, Q. (2002) Thermal degradation of blends of phenyl methacrylate-styrene copolymers with aluminum ethoxide. Polymer Degrada-tion and Stability, 77(3), 457-464.
Zulfiqar, S. and Masud, K. (2002) Thermal degradation of blends of allyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate co-polymers with aluminum isopropoxide. Polymer Degra-dation and Stability, 78(2), 305-313.
Zulfiqar, S., Masud, K. and Ameer, Q. (2003) Thermal degradation behavior of blends of phenyl methacry-late-styrene copolymers with aluminum isopropoxide. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 73(3), 877-886.
Arshad, M., Masud, K., Arif, M., Rehman, S., Chohan, Z.H., Arif, M., Qureshi, A.H., Saeed, A., Salma, U. and Awan, M.S. (2008) A comparative study of roles played by aluminum tribromide and aluminum acety-lacetonate on the thermal degradation of PMMA by si-multaneous thermoanalytical techniques. The Nucleus, 45(1-2), 63-72.
Arshad, M., Masud, K., Arif, M., Rehman, S., Arif, M., Zaidi, J.H., Chohan, Z.H., Saeed, A. and Qureshi, A.H. (2009) The effect of AlBr3 additive on the thermal deg-radation of PMMA: A study using TG–DTA–DTG, IR and Py–GC–MS techniques. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 96(3), 873-881.
Riddick, J.A., Bunger, W.B. and Sakano, T.K. (1986) Organic solvents – physical properties and methods of purification. John-Wiley and Sons, New York.
Furniss, B.S. and Vogel, A.I. (1978) Vogel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry. Longman Group, London, 458-459.
Grassie, N., McNeill, I.C. and Cooke, I. (1968) Thermal degradation of polymer mixtures. I. Degradation of poly-styrene-poly (methyl methacrylate) mixtures and a com-parison with the degradation of styrene-methyl metha- crylate copolymers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 12, 831-837.
Horowitz, H. H. and Metzger, G. A. (1963) New analysis of thermogravimetric traces. Analytical Chemistry, 35, 1464-1468.
Flammability Test. UL94, ASTM D 635.
Sain, M., Park, S.H., Suhara, F. and Law, S. (2004) Flame retardant and mechanical properties of natural fi-bre-PP composites containing magnesium hydroxide. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 83(2), 363-367.
Smith, A.L. (1979) Applied infrared spectroscopy fun-damentals, techniques and analytical problem-solving. John Wiley and Sons, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York, 297&308.
Sadtler Research Laboratories (1974) The Sadtler Stan-dard Spectra. PA 5, Philadelphia.
Robinson, J.W. (1974) CRC Handbook of spectroscopy. CRC Press, Inc., USA, 2.
Szymanski, H.A. and Erikson, R. E. (1970) Infrared band handbook. 2nd Edition, IFI/Plenum, New York, 1-2.