The third-order nonlinear optical properties of two dmit organometallic complexes, [(CH3)4N] [Au(C3S5)2] (MeAu) and [(CH3)4N][Ni(C3S5)2] (Me Ni) in acetone solutions, were characterized us- ing a short pulse Z-scan technique at 1064 nm wavelength. Self-defocusing effects were found in both samples and stronger saturable absorp-tion was observed in MeNi solution comparing with that of MeAu. The origins were analyzed for the differences between the results. Two figures of merit W and T were also calculated to evalu-ate the suitability of two materials for all-optical integrated devices. The results of W=22.84 and T≈0 of MeAu make it an excellent candidate for the all-optical applications.
KeywordsZ-scan TechniqueThird-order NonlinearityMetal-dmit ComplexesFigure of Merit.
Chen, Q.Y., Sargent, E.H., Leclerc, N. and Attias, A.–J. (2003) Ultrafast nonresonant third-order optical nonlin-earity of a conjugated 3,3'-bipyridine derivative from 1150 to 1600 nm. Applied Physics Letters, 82, 4420- 4422.
Stegeman, G.I., Wright, E.M., Finlayson, N., Zanoni, R. and Seaton, C.T. (1988) Third order nonlinear integrated optics, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 6, 953-970.
Kuang, L., Chen, Q.Y., Sargent, E.H. and Wang, Z.Y. (2003) [60]fullerene-containing polyurethane films with large ultrafast nonresonant third-order nonlinearity at telecommunication wavelengths. Journal of the Ameri-can Chemical Society, 125, 13648-13649.
He, G.S., Bhawalkar, J.D., Zhao, C.F. and Prasad, P.N. (1995) Optical limiting effect in a two-photon absorption dye doped solid matrix. Applied Physics Letters, 67, 2433-2435.
Tao, S., Miyagoe, T., Maeda, A., Matsuzaki, H. et al. (2007) Ultrafast optical switching by using nanocrystals of a halogen-bridged nickel-chain compound dispersed in an optical polymer. Advanced Materials, 19, 2707-2710.
Nalwa, H.S. and Miyata, S. (1997) Nonlinear optics of organic molecules and polymers (Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc.) Chap. 11.
Takahashi, K., Cui, H.B., Okano, Y., Kobayashi, H., Einaga, Y. and Sato, O. (2006) Electrical conductivity modulation coupled to a high-spin-low-spin conversion in the molecular system [Fe-III(qsal)(2)][Ni(dmit)(2)] (3)center dot CH3CN center dot H2O. Inorganic Chemis-try, 45, 5739-5741.
De Caro, D., Fraxedas, J., Faulmann, C., Malfant, I., Milon, J., Lamere, J.F., Colliere, V. and Valade, L. (2004) Metallic thin films of TTF[Ni(dmit)(2)](2) by electrode-position on (001)-oriented silicon substrates. Advanced Materials, 16, 835-838.
Tamura, M. and Kato, R. (2002) Magnetic susceptibility of beta '-[Pd(dmit)(2)] salts (dmit=1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4, 5-dithiolate, C3S5): evidence for frustration in spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnets on a triangular lattice. Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 14, L729-L734.
Wang, S.F., Huang, W.T., Zhang, T.Q., Gong, Q.H., Okuma, Y., Horikiri, M. and Miura, Y.F. (1999) Third-order nonlinear optical properties of didodecyldi-methylammonium-Au(dmit)(2). Applied Physics Letters, 75, 1845-1847.
Dai, J., Bian, C.Q., Wang, X., Xu, Q.F., Zhou, M.Y., Munakata, M., Maekawa, M., Tong, M.H., Sun, Z.R. and Zeng, H.P. (2000) A new method to synthesize unsym-metrical dithiolene metal complexes of 1,3-dithiole- 2-thione-4,5-dithiolate for third-order nonlinear optical applications. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 122, 11007-11008.
Ji, Y., Zuo, J.L., Chen, L.X., Tian, Y.Q., Song, Y.L., Li, Y.Z. and You, X.Z. (2005) Synthesis, characterization and optical limiting effect of nickel complexes of multi-sulfur 1,2-dithiolene. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 66, 207-212.
Cheng, Y.G., Mao, Y.L., Liu, J.H., Feng, S.Y. and He, T.C. (2007) Third-order nonlinear optical properties of a dmit(2-) salt by Z-scan technique, Journal of Modern Optics. 54, 2763-2768.
Sun, J., Guo, W.F., Wang, X.Q., Zhang, G.H., Sun, X.B., Zhu, L.Y., Ren, Q. and Xu, D. (2007) Nonlinear optical absorption studies of an organo-metallic complex by Z-scan technique. Optics Communications, 280, 183-187.
Sheik-Bahae, M., Said, A.A., Wei, T.H., Hagan, D.J. and Van Stryland, E.W. (1990) Sensitive measurement of op-tical nonlinearities using a single beam. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 26, 760-769.
Sun, X.B., Ren, Q., Wang, X.Q., Zhang, G.H., Yang, H.L., Feng, L., Xu, D. and Liu, Z.B. (2006) Nonlinear optical properties of [(CH3)(4)N]Au(dmit)(2) using Z-scan technique. Chinese Physics, 15, 2618-2622.
Liu, C.M., Zhang, D.Q., Song, Y.L., Zhan, C.L., Li, Y.L. and Zhu, D.B. (2002) Synthesis, crystal structure and third-order nonlinear optical behavior of a novel dimeric mixed-ligand zinc(II) complex of 1,3-dithiole-2-thione- 4,5-dithiolate. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 7, 1591-1594.
Herman, Z.S., Kirchner, R.F., Loew, G.H., Muel-ler-Westerhoff, U.H., Nazzal, A. and Zerner, M.C. (1982) Electronic spectra and structure of bis(ethylene-1, 2-dithiolato)nickel and bis-(propene-3-thione-1-thiolato) nickel, Inorganic Chemistry, 21, 46-56.
Ren, Q., Sun, X.B., Wang, X.Q., Zhang, G.H., Yang, X.D., Zhang, F.J., Yang, H.L., Chow, Y.T. and Xu, D. (2008) Short pulse Z-scan investigations of optical nonli- nearities of a novel organometallic complex: [(C2H5) (4)N](2)[Cu(dmit)(2)] at 532 and 1064nm. Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing, 90, 685-688.
Yoshita, M., Kuramoto, M., Ikeda, M. and Yokoyama, H. (2009) Mode locking of a GaInN semiconductor laser with an internal saturable absorber. Applied Physics Let-ters, 94, 061104.
Zhang, S.M., Lu, F.Y. and Wang, J. (2006) Self-Q-switching and mode-locking in an all-fiber Er/Yb co-doped fiber ring laser. Optics Communications, 263, 47-51.
Mao, Q.H. and Lit, J.W.Y. (2002) Optical bistability in an L-band dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with overlapping cavities. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 14, 1252-1254.
Yin, M., Li, H.P., Tang, S.H. and Ji, W. (2000) Determi-nation of nonlinear absorption and refraction by single Z-scan method. Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics, 70, 587-591.
Liu, X.D., Guo, S.L., Wang, H.T. and Hou, L.T. (2001) Theoretical study on the closed-aperture Z-scan curves in the materials with nonlinear refraction and strong nonlin-ear absorption. Optics Communications, 197, 431-437.
Chapple, P.B., Staromlynska, J., Hermann, J.A., Mckay, T.J. and McDuff, R.G. (1997) Single-beam Z-scan: measurement techniques and analysis. Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics and Materials, 6, 253-293.
Gong, Q.H., Sun, Y.X. Xia, Z.J., Zou, Y.H., Gu, Z.N., Zhou, X.H. and Qiang, D. (1992) Nonresonant third- or-der optical nonlinearity of all-carbon molecules C60. Journal of Applied Physics, 71, 3025-3026.
Li, C.F., Zhang, L., Yang, M., Wang, H. and Wang, Y.X. (1994) Dynamic and steady-state behaviors of reverse saturable absorption in metallophthalocyanine. Physical Review A, 49, 1149-1157.