Downwelling by Surface Gravity Waves?

Abstract

Based on observational evidence and the known physical characteristics of surface gravity waves, an argument is made that downwelling is not a significant feature over the life history of these waves under the usual conditions existing in the open oceans. Since it has recently been predicted that upwelling due to surface gravity waves should occur within a storm at sea, when the waves are growing in amplitude, the contrast is explained. As a result the importance of the upwelling concept due to waves in stimulating biological productivity is further emphasized, and the possibility for reducing global warming is worth repeating.