Characterization of Nano-Silica Local Metakaolin Based-Geopolymer: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Characterization of Nano-Silica Local Metakaolin Based-Geopolymer: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied to Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Gabes University, Gabes, Tunisia
,
Department of Civil engineering, National Engineering School of Gabes, Gabes University, Gabes, Tunisia
,
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, KSA
1 Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied to Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Gabes University, Gabes, Tunisia
2 Department of Civil engineering, National Engineering School of Gabes, Gabes University, Gabes, Tunisia
3 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, KSA
The current study focused on the utilization of local clay for synthesis and characterization of meta-kaolin based geopolymers with and without nano-silica. The control geopolymers, for a compressive strength of 30 MPa, were optimized by using Liquid/Solid ratio of 0.55, NaOH concentration of 10 M and curing at 80 ° C. The nano silica was added in an extended range of 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10%. The synthesized nano-silica metakaolin based geopolymers w as investigated by using compressive strength, XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM, MIP, TG, UV/VIS spectroscopy, in addition to density, water absorption and initial setting times. The results indicated an increase in the compressive strength value with the incorporation of nano-silica in geopolymer mixes until the optimum percentage of 5%, while the 10% addition of nano-silica decreased the compressive strength by 5% as compared to the control geopolymer. The increase in the compressive strength was accredited to the increase in the content of N-A-S-H gel and the amorphous structure as shown by XRD and FTIR analysis. In addition, the optical transmittance analysis, MIP and SEM scans along with the results of density and water absorption have clearly shown the densification of the matrix formed for the optimal percentage of nano-silica. However, the initial setting time was found to reduce substantially with increase of nano-silica content. Moreover, the TG results have shown the 5% nano-added geopolymers to have greater thermal stability as compared to reference geopolymer s . Finally, the adopted methodology in this research has shown that 5% nano-silica, is the optimal result for the synthesis and the production of local meta kaolin based geopolymer, with regard to the improvement of physical properties, micro structure and compressive strength.
Colangelo, F., Roviello, G., Ricciotti, L., Ferrándiz-Mas, V., Messina, F., Ferone, C., et al. (2018) Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Lightweight Geopolymer Composites. Cement and Concrete Composites, 86, 266-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.11.016
Shivaprasad, K.N. and Das, B.B. (2018) Determination of Optimized Geopolymerization Factors on the Properties of Pelletized Fly Ash Aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 163, 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.038
Zhang, H.Y., Kodur, V., Wu, B., Yan, J. and Yuan, Z.S. (2018) Effect of Temperature on Bond Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 163, 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.043
Tuyan, M., Andiç-Çakir, Ö. and Ramyar, K. (2018) Effect of Alkali Activator Concentration and Curing Condition on Strength and Microstructure of Waste Clay Brick Powder-Based Geopolymer.Composites Part B: Engineering, 135, 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.013
Fort, J., Novotny, R., Vejmelkova, E., Trník, A., Rovnaníkova, P., Keppert, M., et al. (2019) Characterization of Geopolymers Prepared Using Powdered Brick. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8, 6253-6261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.019
Sumesh, M., Alengaram, U.J., Jumaat, M.Z., Mo, K.H. and Alnahhal, M.F. (2017) Incorporation of Nano-Materials in Cement Composite and Geopolymer Based Paste and Mortar—A Review. Construction and Building Materials, 148, 62-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.206
Stefanidou, M., Tsardaka, E.C. and Pavlidou, E. (2016) Influence of Nano-Silica and Nano-Alumina in Lime-Pozzolan and Lime-Metakaolin Binders. Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies NN16, Thessaloniki, 5-8 July 2016, 6908-6922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.020
Mohammed, B.S. and Adamu, M. (2018) Mechanical Performance of Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement Containing Crumb Rubber and Nano Silica. Construction and Building Materials, 159, 234-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.098
Gao, D., Chang, R., Lyu, B., Ma, J. and Duan, X. (2018) Preparation of Epoxy-Acrylate Copolymer/Nano-Silica via Pickering Emulsion Polymerization and Its Application as Printing Binder. Applied Surface Science, 435, 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.063
Rafiee, E. and Shahebrahimi, S. (2012) Nano Silica with High Surface Area from Rice Husk as a Support for 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid: An Efficient Nano Catalyst in Some Organic Reactions. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 33, 1326-1333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(11)60420-8
Akram, D., Hakami, O., Sharmin, E. and Ahmad, S. (2017) Castor and Linseed Oil Polyurethane/TEOS Hybrids as Protective Coatings: A Synergistic Approach Utilising Plant Oil Polyols, a Sustainable Resource. Progress in Organic Coatings, 108, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.03.012
Abbass, A.E., Van Vuuren, A.J., Swart, H.C. and Kroon, R.E. (2017) Distinguishing the Nature of Silver Incorporated in Sol-Gel Silica. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 475, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.08.033
Mahani, A.A., Motahari, S. and Mohebbi, A. (2018) Sol-Gel Derived Flexible Silica Aerogel as Selective Adsorbent for Water Decontamination from Crude Oil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 129, 438-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.012
Khater, H.M.M. (2016) Physicomechanical Properties of Nano-Silica Effect on Geopolymer Composites. Journal of Building Materials and Structures, 3, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2016.4.3.181
Gao, K., Lin, K.L., Wang, D., Hwang, C.L., Tuan, B.L.A, Shiu, H.S., et al. (2013) Effect of Nano-SiO2 on the Alkali-Activated Characteristics of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers. Construction and Building Materials, 48, 441-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.027
Khater, H.M. (2016) Effect of Nano-Silica on Microstructure Formation of Low-Cost Geopolymer Binder. Nanocomposites, 2, 84-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/20550324.2016.1203515
Phoo-ngernkham, T., Chindaprasirt, P., Sata, V., Hanjitsuwan, S. and Hatanaka, S. (2014) The Effect of Adding Nano-SiO2 and Nano-Al2O3 on Properties of High Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Cured at Ambient Temperature. Material and Design, 55, 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.049
El Mir, L. (2017) Luminescence Properties of Calcium Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Journal of Luminescence, 186, 98-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.02.029
ASTM, D1633-00 (2007) Standard Test Methods Compressive Strength Molded Soil-Cement Cylinder. ASTM International, Pennsylvania.
Lo, K.W., Lin, K.L., Cheng, T.W., Chang, Y.M. and Lan, J.Y. (2017) Effect of Nano-SiO2 on the Alkali-Activated Characteristics of Spent Catalyst Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers. Construction and Building Materials, 143, 455-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.152
Deb, P.S., Sarker, P.K. and Barbhuiya, S. (2015) Effects of Nano-Silica on the Strength Development of Geopolymer Cured at Room Temperature. Construction and Building Materials, 101, 675-683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.044
Assaedi, H., Shaikh, F.U.A. and Low, I.M. (2016) Influence of Mixing Methods of Nano Silica on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Flax Fabric Reinforced Geopolymer Composites. Construction and Building Materials, 123, 541-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.049
Aughenbaugh, K.L., Williamson, T. and Juenger, M.C.G. (2015) Critical Evaluation of Strength Prediction Methods for Alkali-Activated Fly Ash. Materials and Structures, 48, 607-620. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0496-z
Raphaëlle, P. (2015) Formulation and Durability of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers. PhD Thesis, Toulouse III University, Toulouse.
Chindaprasirt, P., De Silva, P., Sagoe-Crentsil, K. and Hanjitsuwan, S. (2012) Effect of SiO2 and Al2O3 on the Setting and Hardening of High Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Systems. Journal of Materials Science, 47, 4876-4883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6353-y
Dahm, D.J. and Dahm, K.D. (1999) Representative Layer Theory for Diffuse Reflectance. Applied Spectroscopy, 53, 647-654. https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702991947298 https://www.osapublishing.org/as/abstract.cfm?URI=as-53-6-647
Gasca-Tirado, J.R., Manzano, A., Villaseñor, C., Muñiz-Villarreal, M.S., Zaldivar-Cadena, A.A., Rubio-ávalos, J.C., et al. (2012) Incorporation of Photoactive TiO2 in an Aluminosilicate Inorganic Polymer by Ion Exchange. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 153, 282-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.11.026
Gasca-Tirado, R., Rubio-ávalos, J.C., Muñiz-Villarreal, M.S., Manzano, A., Reyes-Araiza, J.L., Sampieri-Bulbarela, S., et al. (2011) Effect of Porosity on the Absorbed, Reemitted and Transmitted Light by a Geopolymer Metakaolin Base. Materials Letters, 65, 880-883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.003
Muñiz-Villarreal, M.S., Manzano, A., Sampieri-Bulbarela, S., Gasca-Tirado, J.R., Reyes-Araiza, J.L., Rubio-Avalos, J.C., et al. (2011) The Effect of Temperature on the Geopolymerization Process of a Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer. Materials Letters, 65, 995-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.049
Adak, D., Sarkar, M. and Mandal, S. (2014) Effect of Nano-Silica on Strength and Durability of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 70, 453-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.093
Zaharaki, D., Komnitsas, K. and Perdikatsis, V. (2010) Use of Analytical Techniques for Identification of Inorganic Polymer Gel Composition. Journal of Material Science, 45, 2715-2724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4257-2