Geotechnical, Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of the Missole II Clayey Materials of Douala Sub-Basin (Cameroon) for Construction Materials — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Geotechnical, Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of the Missole II Clayey Materials of Douala Sub-Basin (Cameroon) for Construction Materials
Laboratory of Subsurface, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
,
Laboratory of Subsurface, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
,
Laboratory of Subsurface, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
,
Laboratory of Environmental Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang Dschang, Cameroon
,
Laboratory of Subsurface, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
1 Laboratory of Subsurface, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
2 Laboratory of Subsurface, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
3 Laboratory of Subsurface, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
4 Laboratory of Environmental Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang Dschang, Cameroon
5 Laboratory of Subsurface, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
Geotechnical tests conducted on clayey materials of Missole II, Douala sub-basin of Cameroon showed that these materials present: fines particles (55 to 78 wt.%), sand (22 to 44 wt.%), and plasticity index of 13.8 to 21.6%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the chemical analysis revealed a kaolinite amount of 46 to 56 wt.%, 19 to 27 wt.% of illite, 12 to 19 wt.% of quartz, 3 to 5 wt.% of goethite, 2 to 5 wt.% of hematite, 1.5 to 5 wt.% of anatase, 2 to 3 wt.% of feldspar-K with 52.87 to 63.11 wt.% of SiO 2 , 18.08 to 24.31 wt.% of Al 2 O 3 , 3.28 to 11.45 wt.% of Fe 2 O 3 and a small content of bases (<2 wt.%). The results of geotechnical tests combined to those of the XRD and the chemical analysis showed that the Missole II clayey materials are suitable for the manufacture of bricks, tiles and sandstones.
KeywordsCameroonConstruction MaterialsGeotechnical TestsMineralogical and Chemical AnalysesMissole II
Y. C. Belmonte, “Stratigraphie du bassin sédimentaire du Cameroun,” Proceeding on 2nd West African Micropale ontology Colloquium, Ibadan, 1-5 September 1966, pp. 7–24.
M. E. Brownfield and R. R. Charpentier, “Geology and Total Petroleum Systems of the West-Central Coastal Province (7203) West Africa,” USGS: Geological Survey Bulletin, 2006, 2207-B 52 p.
E. Dartevelle and P. Brebion, “Mollusques fossiles du Crétacé de la Cote occidentale d’Afrique du Cameroun à l’Angola,”Annales du Musée Royal Congo Belge, Sci ences Géologiques de Tervuren I-Gastéropodes, Vol. 8, No. 20, 1956, pp. 1-128.
E. Dartevelle, S. Freinex and J. Sornay, “Mollusques fossiles du Crétacé de la Cote occidentale d’Afrique du Cameroun à l’Angola,”Annales du Musée Royal Congo Belge, Sciences Géologiques de Tervuren II-Lamellibran ches, Vol. 8, No. 20, 1957, pp. 1-271.
J. F. Dumort, “Identification par la Telédétection de l’Accident de la Sanaga (Cameroun),” Géodynamique, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1968, pp. 13-19.
J. B. Meyers, B. R. Rosendahl and H. Groschel-Becker, “Deep Penetrating MCS Imaging of the Rift-to-Drift Transition Offshore Douala and North Gabon Basins West Africa,” Marine Petrology Geology, Vol. 13, No. 7, 1996, pp. 791-835. doi:10.1016/0264-8172(96)00030-X
D. Reyre, “Histoire géologique du bassin de Douala,” In: D. Reyre, Ed., Symposium sur les Bassins Sédimentaires du Littoral Africain, Association du Service Géologique d’Afrique, IUGS, 1966, pp. 143-161.
P. R. N. Ngaha, “Contribution à l’Etude Géologique, Stratigraphique et Structurale de la Bordure du Bassin Atlantique du Cameroun,” Thèse 3e Cycle, Université de Yaoundé, 1984.
P. Maurizot, A. Abessolo, J. L. Feybesse, V. Johana and P. Lecomte, “Synthèse des Travaux de 1978 a` 1986,” Rapport 85CM066, 1986.
J. M. Regnoult, “Synthèse Géologique du Cameroun,” D.M.G., Yaoundé, Cameroun, 1986.
F. R. Nguene, S. Tamfu, J. P. Loule and C. Ngassa, “Pa leoenvironments of the Douala and Kribi/Campo Sub basins in Cameroon, West African,” Colloque de Géo logie Africaine, Libreville, Recueil des Communications, Géologie Africaine, 6-8 May 1991, 1992, pp. 129-139.
SNH/UD, “Stratigraphie Séquentielle et Tectonique des Dépots Mésozoiques Synrifts du Bassin de Kribi/Cam po,” Rapport Non Publié, 2005.
C. S. Manga, “Stratigraphy, Structure and Prospectivity of the Southern Onshore Douala Basin Cameroon—Central Africa,” In: M. J. Ntamak-Nida, G. E. Ekodeck and M. Guiraud, Eds., Cameroon and Neighboring Basins in the Gulf of Guinea (Petroleum Geology tectonics Geophysics Paleontology and Hydrogeology), African Geoscience, 2008, pp. 13-37.
P. M. Thibaut and P. Le Berre, “Recherche d’Argiles Pour Briques Dans la Région de Yaoundé, Douala et Edéa,” Rapport 85CM065, 1985.
D. Njopwouo, “Minéralogie et Physico-Chimie des Argiles de Bomkoul et de Balengou (Cameroun). Utili sation Dans la Polymérisation du Styrène et Dans le Renforcement du Caoutchouc Naturel,” Thèse d’Etat, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé, 1984.
D. Njopwouo and R. Wandji, “Minéralogie de l’Argile Kaolinique de Bomkoul (Cameroun),” Revue de Sciences et Technique, Série des Sciences de la Terre, I 3-4, 1985, pp. 71-81.
D. Njopwouo and S. Kong, “Minéralogie de la Fraction Fine des Matériaux Argileux de Bomkoul et de Balengou (Cameroun),” Annales de la Faculté des Sciences, Série des Sciences Chimiques, I 1-2, 1986, pp. 17-31.
A. Elimbi and D. Njopwouo, “Firing Characteristics of Ceramics from the Bomkoul Kaolinite Clay Deposit (Cameroon),” Tile and Brick International, Vol. 18, No. 6, 2002, pp. 364-369.
A. M. M. Mpondo, “Cartographie des Affleurements de la Localité de Bomkoul (Sous-Bassin de Douala),” Univer sité de Douala, Mémoire, 2010.
M. B. Mbog, “Etude Morphologique, Physico-Chimique et Minéralogique des Argiles de Bomkoul Dans le Sous-Bassin Sédimentaire de Douala-Cameroun,” Uni versité de Douala, Douala, 2010.
G. F. Ngon Ngon, J. Etame, M. J. Ntamak-Nida, M. B. Mbog, A. M. Maliengoue Mpondo, M. Gérard, R. Yon gue-Fouateu and P. Bilong, “Geological Study of Sedimentary Clayey Materials of the Bomkoul Area in the Douala Region (Douala Sub-Basin, Cameroon) for the Ceramic Industry,” Comptes Rendus Geoscience, Vol. 344, No. 6, 2012, pp. 366-376. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2012.05.004
W. Samba, “Etude Morphologique, Géotechnique et Minéralogique des Argiles de Missole 2 Dans le Sous Bassin de Douala-Cameroun,” Université de Douala, Douala, 2010.
E. O. Logmo, “Etude Géologique, Minéralogique et Géo chimique des Argiles de Missole II Dans le Sous-Bassin de Douala (Cameroun),” Université de Douala, Douala, 2012.
G. F. Ngon Ngon, E. Bayiga, M. J. Ntamak-Nida, J. Eta me, S. Noa Tang and R. Yongeu-Fouateu, “Trace Ele ments Geochemistry of Clay Deposits of Missole II from the Douala Sub-Basin in Cameroon (Central Africa): A Provenance Study,” Sciences, Technologie et Dévelop pement, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, pp. 20-35.
G. F. Ngon Ngon, G. L. Lecomte Nana, R. Yongue Fouateu, G. Lecomte and P. Bilong, “Physicochemical and Mechanical Characterisation of Ceramic Materials Obtained from a Mixture of Silica, Feldspars and Clay Material of the Douala Region in Cameroon (Central Africa),” Advances in Ceramic Science and Engineering (ACSE), Vol., 2, No. 1, 2013, pp. 23-31.
R. Letouzey, “Atlas du Cameroun, Phytogéographie Ca merounaise,” Imprimerie Nationale Yaoundé, 1968.
A. K. Chakravorty and D. K. Ghosh, “Kaolinite-Mullite Reaction Series: The Development and Significance of a Binary Aluminosilicate Phase,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 74, No. 6, 1991, pp. 1401-1406. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04119.x
P. Autret, “Latérites et Graveleux Latéritiques,” Labora toire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, 1983.
M. Younoussa, “Etude Géotechnique, Chimique et Miné ralogique de Matières Premières Argileuses et Latéri tiques du Burkina Faso Améliorées aux Liants Hydrau liques: Application au Génie Civil (Batiment et Route),” Thèse, Université de Ouagadougou, 2008.
NF P94-057, “Analyse Granulométrique des Sols. Métho de par Sédimentation,” AFNOR, 1992.
NF P94-051, “Détermination des Limites d’Atterberg,” AFNOR, 1993.
C. A. Jouenne, “Traité de Céramiques et Matériaux Mine raux,” Septima, Paris, 1990.
S. Lee, Y. J. Kim and H. S. Moon, “Phase Transformation Sequence from Kaolinite to Mullite Investigated by an Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscope,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 82, No. 10, 1999, pp. 2841-2848. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02165.x
M. W. Carty, “The Colloidal Nature of Kaolinite,” The Bulletin of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 78, 1999, pp. 72-76.
E. A. Fitzpatrick, “Soils-Their Formation, Classification and Distribution,” Longman, Berlin, 1983.
L. Cere and F. Mazel, “Caractérisation d’Argiles,” ENSCI Limoges, 1993.
Y. Beron and P. Le Berre, “Guide de Prospection des Matériaux,” Manuels et Methodes du BRGM, No. 5, 1983.
V. Rigassi, “Bloc de Terre Comprimée,” Manuel de Prospection, Vol. 1, Craterre EAG, 1995.
N. Francaise, “Sols: Reconnaissance et Essais. Descri ption-Identification-Dénomination des Sols,” XP P94-011, 1999.
A. A. Al-Rawas and M. Qamarouddin, “Construction Problems of Engineering Structures Founded on Expansive Soils and Rocks in Northern Oman,” Building and Environment, Vol. 33, No. 2-3, 1998, pp. 159-171.
A. Djedid, A. Bekkouche and A. M. Aissa Mamoune, “Identification and Prediction of the Swelling Behavior of Some Soils from the Tlemcen Region of Algeria,” Bulletin des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, Vol. 233, 2001, pp. 69-77.
O. Castelein, “Influence de la Vitesse du Traitement Thermique sur le Comportement d’un Kaolin: Applica tion au Frottage Rapide,” Thèse, Université de Limoges, 2000.