Based on the eddy-covariance observation data over rain-fed maize agricultural ecosystem during 2005-2011, the dynamics of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) and its control mechanism were analyzed in the present study. We found that the average carbon budget of non-growing season, growing season and annual were 153.16 - 202.03 g C/m 2 , − 689.36 - − 488.17 g C/m 2 , and − 316.96 - − 487.33 g C/m 2 , respectively. Maize carbon content of grain yield was − 226.6 - − 339.94 g C/m 2 , accounting for 55.4% of carbon budget in the growing season. From sowing to seven-leaf stage, the carbon budget of this ecosystem was characterized by carbon release, with the rate of 0.028 ± 0.0056 mg CO 2 m − 2 ⋅ s − 1 . From seven-leaf to mature stage, the carbon budget was characterized by carbon absorption, with the rate of − 0.256 ± 0.0693 mg CO 2 m − 2 ⋅ s −1 . The key meteorological factors affecting annual carbon budget included daily average temperature (R = − 0.81, P = 0.03) and saturated vapor pressure deficit (R = − 0.64, P = 0.12). At the same photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) level, CO 2 assimilation rate was linearly correlated with leaf area index (P < 0.05), and the slopes increased with PAR, indicating the increase in net ecosystem CO 2 exchange in growing season was unlikely to be resulted from the extension of growing season. On the contrary, the carbon sink of rain-fed maize ecosystem in growing season might be decreased by extending the growing season ahead of the sowing date.
KeywordsRain-Fed MaizeCarbon BudgetDynamicsRegulation MechanismNortheast China
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