Global crises, notably climate shocks, degraded ecosystems, and growing energy demand, enforce sustainable production and consumption pathways. A circular bioeconomy offers the opportunities to actualize resource and eco-efficiency enhancement, valorization of waste streams, reduction of fossil energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Albeit biomass resources are a potential feedstock for bio-hydrogen (bio-H 2 ) production, Ghana’s agricultural residues are not fully utilized. This paper examines the economic and environmental impact of bio-H 2 electricity generation using agricultural residues in Ghana. The bio-H 2 potential was determined based on biogas steam reforming (BSR). The research highlights that BSR could generate 2617 kt of bio-H 2 , corresponding to 2.78% of the global hydrogen demand. Yam and maize residues contribute 50.47% of the bio-H 2 produced, while millet residues have the most negligible share. A tonne of residues could produce 16.59 kg of bio-H 2 and 29.83 kWh of electricity. A total of 4,705.89 GWh of electricity produced could replace the consumption of 21.92% of Ghana’s electricity. The economic viability reveals that electricity cost is $0.174/kWh and has a positive net present value of $2135550609.45 with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.26. The fossil diesel displaced is 1421.09 ML, and 3862.55 kt CO 2 eq of carbon emissions decreased corresponding to an annual reduction potential of 386.26 kt CO 2 eq. This accounts for reducing 10.26% of Ghana’s GHG emissions. The study demonstrates that hydrogen-based electricity production as an energy transition is a strategic innovation pillar to advance the circular bioeconomy and achieve sustainable development goals.
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