Case Studies of Energy Saving and CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction by Cogeneration and Heat Pump Systems
- 1 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
Abstract
This paper describes two case studies: 1) a cogeneration system of a hospital and 2) a heat pump system installed in an aquarium that uses seawater for latent heat storage . The cogeneration system is an autonomous system that combines the generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energies in a hospital. Cogeneration systems can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the cogeneration system. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital was suitable for the cogeneration system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized cogeneration system predicted large potential for energy savings and CO 2 reduction. The heat pump system using a low-temperature unutilized heat source is introduced on a heat source load responsive heat pump system, which combines a load variation responsive heat pump utilizing seawater with a latent heat-storage system (ice and water slurry), using nighttime electric power to level the electric power load. The experimental coefficient of performance (COP) of the proposed heat exchanger from the heat pump system, assisted by using seawater as latent heat storage for cooling, is discussed in detail.
- G. Bizzarri and G. L. Morini, “Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Primary Energy Savings via Adoption of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Plant in a Hospital,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 2-3, 2004, pp. 383-400. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2003.09.009
- A. S. Szklo, J. B. Soares and M. T. Tolmasquim, “Energy Consumption Indicators and CHP Technical Potential in the Brazilian Hospital Sector,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 45, No. 13-14, 2004, pp. 2075-2091. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2003.10.019
- L. Barelli, G. Bidini and E. M. Pinchi, “Implementation of a Cogenerative District Heating: Optimization of a Simulation Model for the Thermal Power Demand,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2006, pp. 1434-1442. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.023
- E. Bilgen, “Exergetic and Engineering Analyses of Gas Turbine Based Cogeneration Systems,” Energy, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2000, pp. 1215-1229. doi:10.1016/S0360-5442(00)00041-4
- J. H. Santoyo and A. S. Cifuentes, “Trigeneration: An Alternative for Energy Savings,” Applied Energy, Vol. 76, No. 1-3, 2003, pp. 219-227. doi:10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00061-8
- K. R. Voorspools and W. D. D’haeseleer, “Reinventing Hot Water? Towards Optimal Sizing and Management of Cogeneration: A Case Study for Belgium,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 16, 2006, pp. 1972-1981. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.01.012
- L. Gustavsson, A. Dodoo, N. L. Truong and I. Danielski, “Primary Energy Implications of End-Use Energy Efficiency Measures in District Heated Buildings,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2011, pp. 38-48. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.07.029
- S. Okamoto, “Saving Energy in a Hospital Utilizing CCHP Technology,” International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2011, pp. 45-55.
- P. E. Phetteplace and W. Sullivan, “Performance of a Hybrid Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System,” ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia, Vol. 104, No. 1, 1998, pp. 763-770.
- S. P. Kavanaugh and X. Lan, “Energy Use of Ventilation Air Conditioning Options for Ground-Source Heat pump System,” ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia, MN-00-5-2, 2000, pp. 543-550.
- J. R. Brodrick and D. Westphalen, “Uncovering Auxiliary Energy Use,” ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2001, pp. 58-61.
- J. Ni and H. Liu, “Experimental Research on Refrigeration Characteristics of a Metal Hydride Heat Pump in Auto Air-Conditioning,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, 2007, pp. 2567-2572. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.09.038