Electric Vehicles Analysis inside Electric Mobility Looking for Energy Efficient and Sustainable Metropolis

Abstract

This paper aims to study and evaluate electric mobility over time, focusing on the development of the electric car. Methodologically, in order to accomplish this intent, the characterization of the electric vehicle (EV) is made based on the variables which determine its performance, such as: assessment of speeds, distance traveled, analysis of facts related to the energy source (electro-chemical accumulators) and analysis of the determining system of electric mobility (the electric engine as a function of power (W) and voltage (V)). This way, to demonstrate the effects of time, this process will be analyzed from the beginning of the 20th century (1930s) to the present (the first decade of the 21st century), methodologically structured in 4 cycles that show the performance of the EV. The results show the existence of vulnerabilities and of electric mobility potential, as well as the nuances of the development of the electric vehicle along the years and along the transformations in what is considered state-of-the-art. Thus, in the case of batteries, it is evident that the lithium-ion type used nowadays reveals better results due to its higher specific efficient energy, which maximizes energy autonomy to 200 km. In the beginning, the insertion of the electric vehicle was commercially harmed by the fundamental limitations of batteries as a power source. Conclusively, on certain occasions there have been improvements in the aerodynamics, engines, weight and size of the batteries, demonstrating the maturity of EVs.