Geochemical and Behavioral Modeling of Phosphorus and Sulfur as Deleterious Elements of Iron Ore to Be Used in Geometallurgical Studies, Sheytoor Iron Ore, Iran — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Geochemical and Behavioral Modeling of Phosphorus and Sulfur as Deleterious Elements of Iron Ore to Be Used in Geometallurgical Studies, Sheytoor Iron Ore, Iran
Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
,
Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
,
University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
1 Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 University of Catania, Catania, Italy
4 Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Sheytoor Iron Ore deposit is located in Yazd province of Iran (Bafq). The most abundant ore is magnetite, which can be seen in the form of mass and granular tissue in various forms of self-shaped, semi-self-shaped and amorphous. The main purpose of this study is to identify the geochemical relationship of phosphorus and sulfur elements and also three-dimensional modeling of mineralization of these elements in iron ore. In order to achieve the research goal, methods such as k-mean clustering technique, concentration-volume fractal as well as block modeling with kriging estimator and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolator were used. The model of geochemical behavior of phosphorus and sulfur elements compared to iron is of great importance because these two elements are known as deleterious elements in mineral processing and steelmaking processes, which are the post-mining stages. Existence of geochemical model and identification of elements’ behavior towards each other play a key role in optimizing mining operations in order to achieve geometallurgical goals. The results of this study are the three-dimensional model of mineralization of iron, phosphorus and sulfur elements, separation of phosphorus and sulfur mineralization communities and also presenting the model of enrichment community of these two elements. All the results are in line with geometallurgical studies and can optimize the next steps by optimizing the mining process.
Clarke, F.W. and Washington, H.S. (1924) The Composition of the Earth’s Crust, Vol. 127. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp127
Clarke, F.W. (1920) The Data of Geochemistry. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
Nazerian, E., Gharebaghi, S. and Safdarian, A. (2017) Optimal Distribution Network Reconfiguration Considering Power Quality Issues. 2017 Smart Grid Conference (SGC). Tehran, 20-21 December 2017, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/SGC.2017.8308877
Nazerian, E. and Tahami, F. (2019) Optimum Design of Planar Transformer for LLC Resonant Converter Using Metaheuristic Method. IECON 2019-45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, 14-17 October 2019, 6621-6626. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8927114
Veprek, S. and Veprek-Heijman, M.J. (2008) Industrial Applications of Superhard Nanocomposite Coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 202, 5063-5073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.05.038
Nakamura, S. and Yamasue, E. (2010) Hybrid LCA of a Design for Disassembly Technology: Active Disassembling Fasteners of Hydrogen Storage Alloys for Home Appliances. Environmental Science & Technology, 44, 4402-4408. https://doi.org/10.1021/es903340h
Pownceby, M.I., Hapugoda, S., Manuel, J., Webster, N.A. and MacRae, C.M. (2019) Characterisation of Phosphorus and Other Impurities in Goethite-Rich Iron Ores-Possible P Incorporation Mechanisms. Minerals Engineering, 143, Article ID: 106022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.106022
Ghosh, A. and Chatterjee, A. (2008) Iron Making and Steelmaking: Theory and Practice. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Ghorbani, M. (2013) The Economic Geology of Iran. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5625-0
Shirazy, A., Ziaii, M. and Hezarkhani, A. (2020) Geochemical Behavior Investigation Based on K-Means and Artificial Neural Network Prediction for Copper, in Kivi Region, Ardabil Province, IRAN. Iranian Journal of Mining Engineering, 14, 96-112.
Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Ferdossi, M.H. and Ziaii, M. (2019) Geochemical and Geostatistical Studies for Estimating Gold Grade in Tarq Prospect Area by K-Means Clustering Method. Open Journal of Geology, 9, 306-326. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2019.96021
Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A. and Hezarkhani, A. (2018) Predicting Gold Grade in Tarq 1: 100000 Geochemical Map Using the Behavior of Gold, Arsenic and Antimony by K-Means Method. Journal of Mineral Resources Engineering, 2, 11-23.
Hezarkhani, A. and Ghannadpour, S.S. (2015) Geochemical Behavior Investigation Based on K-Means Clustering: Basics, Concepts and Case Study. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken.
Jain, A.K. (2010) Data Clustering: 50 Years beyond K-Means. Pattern Recognition Letters, 31, 651-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2009.09.011
Shirazi, A., Shirazy, A., Saki, S. and Hezarkhani, A. (2018) Introducing a Software for Innovative Neuro-Fuzzy Clustering Method Named NFCMR. Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research, 8, 62-69. https://doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v8i2.3264
Nazerian, H., Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A. and Hezarkhani, A. (2021) Predict the Amount of Cu Using the Four Ca, Al, P, S Elements by Multiple Linear Regression Method. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 9, 1088-1092. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38121
Shirazi, A., Shirazy, A., Saki, S. and Hezarkhani, A. (2018) Geostatistics Studies and Geochemical Modeling Based on Core Data, Sheytoor Iron Deposit, Iran. Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering, 6, 124-133. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2193/2018.03.004
Alahgholi, S., Shirazy, A. and Shirazi, A. (2018) Geostatistical Studies and Anomalous Elements Detection, Bardaskan Area, Iran. Open Journal of Geology, 8, 697-710. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2018.87041
Shirazi, A., Hezarkhani, A., Shirazy, A. and Shahrood, I. (2018) Exploration Geochemistry Data-Application for Cu Anomaly Separation Based On Classical and Modern Statistical Methods in South Khorasan, Iran. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 7, 39-44. https://doi.org/10.7753/IJSEA0704.1001
Shirazi, A., Hezarkhani, A., Shirazy, A. and Shahrood, I. (2018) Remote Sensing Studies for Mapping of Iron Oxide Regions, South of Kerman, Iran. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 7, 45-51. https://doi.org/10.7753/IJSEA0704.1002
Samimi Namin, M. (2006) Report on Potential Detection and Preliminary Exploration of Iron, Gold and Copper in Sarbisheh City. Madankav Engineering Co., Tehran, 238 p.
Shirazi, A., Shirazy, A. and Karami, J. (2018) Remote Sensing to Identify Copper Alterations and Promising Regions, Sarbishe, South Khorasan, Iran. International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences, 4, 36-52.
Shirazy, A., Ziaii, M., Hezarkhani, A. and Timkin, T. (2020) Geostatistical and Remote Sensing Studies to Identify High Metallogenic Potential Regions in the Kivi Area of Iran. Minerals, 10, Article No. 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10100869
Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Heidarlaki, S. and Ziaii, M. (2018) Exploratory Remote Sensing Studies to Determine the Mineralization Zones around the Zarshuran Gold Mine. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 7, 274-279. https://doi.org/10.7753/IJSEA0709.1004
Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A. and Nazerian, H. (2021) Application of Remote Sensing in Earth Sciences—A Review. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 10, 45-51.
Yasrebi, A.B., Afzal, P., Wetherelt, A., Foster, P. and Esfahanipour, R. (2013) Correlation between Geology and Concentration-Volume Fractal Models: Significance for Cu and Mo Mineralized Zones Separation in the Kahang Porphyry Deposit (Central Iran). Geologica Carpathica, 64, 153-163.
Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Nazerian, H., Khayer, K. and Hezarkhani, A. (2021) Geophysical Study: Estimation of Deposit Depth Using Gravimetric Data and Euler method (Jalalabad Iron Mine, Kerman Province of IRAN). Open Journal of Geology, 11, 340-355. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2021.118018
Khayer, K., Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Ansari, A. and Hezarkhani, A. (2020) Cementation Exponent Estimate in Carbonate Reservoirs: A New Method. Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research, 10, 66-72. https://doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v10i2.5894
Khayer, K., Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Ansari, A., Nazerian, H. and Hezarkhani, A. (2021) Determination of Archie’s Tortuosity Factor from Stoneley Waves in Carbonate Reservoirs. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 10, 107-110.
Shirazy, A., Hezarkhani, A., Timkin, T. and Shirazi, A. (2021) Magneto-/Radio-Metric Behavior in Order to Identify an Estimator Model Using K-Means Clustering and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) (Iron Ore Deposit, Yazd, IRAN). Minerals, 11.
Doodran, R.J., Khakmardan, S., Shirazi, A. and Shirazy, A. (2020) Minimalization of Ash from Iranian Gilsonite by Froth Flotation. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 9, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2021.91001
Khakmardan, S., Doodran, R.J., Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A. and Mozaffari, E. (2020) Evaluation of Chromite Recovery from Shaking Table Tailings by Magnetic Separation Method. Open Journal of Geology, 10, 1153-1163. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2020.1012055
Khakmardan, S., Shirazi, A., Shirazy, A. and Hosseingholi, H. (2018) Copper Oxide Ore Leaching Ability and Cementation Behavior, Mesgaran Deposit in IRAN. Open Journal of Geology, 8, 841-858. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2018.89049
Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Nazerian, H. and Hezarkhani, A. (2021) Investigation of Geochemical Sections in Exploratory Boreholes of Mesgaran Copper Deposit in Iran. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 9, 2364-2368. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37775
Yousefi, M. (2016) General and Detailed Exploration of Iron Ore Anomalies of Iran’s Central Plateau, 5a Anomlay (Sheytoor-Gazestan). Madankav Engineering Co., Tehran.
Shirazi, A. and Shirazy, A. (2020) Introducing Geotourism Attractions in Toroud Village, Semnan Province, IRAN. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 9, 79-86.
Shirazi, A. (2018) Geochemical Investigations and Modeling on Sheytoor Iron Deposit, Bafq. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran Polytechnic, Tehran.
Hassanipak, A.A. and Sharafeddin, M. (2005) Exploration Data Analysis, Vol. 1. Tehran University Press, Tehran.
Grubbs, F.E. (1969) Procedures for Detecting Outlying Observations in Samples. Technometrics, 11, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1969.10490657
Maddala, G.S. (1992) Outliers. Introduction to Econometrics. 2nd Edition, MacMillan, New York.
Kalisch, M., Michalak, M., Sikora, M., Wróbel, L. and Przystalka, P. (2015) Influence of Outliers Introduction on Predictive Models Quality. In: Kozielski, S., Mrozek, D., Kasprowski, P., Malysiak-Mrozek, B. and Kostrzewa, D., Eds., Beyond Databases, Architectures and Structures. Advanced Technologies for Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. Springer, Cham, 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34099-9_5
Hassani Pak, A. (1998) Geostatistics. University of Tehran, Tehran.
Cressie, N. (1990) The Origins of Kriging. Mathematical Geology, 22, 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00889887
Lu, G.Y. and Wong, D.W. (2008) An Adaptive Inverse-Distance Weighting Spatial Interpolation Technique. Computers & Geosciences, 34, 1044-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.07.010
Ataeipoor, M. (2006) Basics of Mineral Modeling, Vol. 1. Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Press, Tehran.
Zhou, S., Zhou, K., Wang, J., Yang, G. and Wang, S. (2018) Application of Cluster Analysis to Geochemical Compositional Data for Identifying Ore-Related Geochemical Anomalies. Frontiers of Earth Science, 12, 491-505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-017-0682-8
Saha, S. and Bandyopadhyay, S. (2013) A Generalized Automatic Clustering Algorithm in a Multiobjective Framework. Applied Soft Computing, 13, 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2012.08.005
Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A. and Hezarkhani, A. (2020) Behavioral Analysis of Geochemical Elements in Mineral Exploration. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, city.
Afzal, P., Alghalandis, Y.F., Khakzad, A., Moarefvand, P. and Omran, N.R. (2011) Delineation of Mineralization Zones in Porphyry Cu Deposits by Fractal Concentration-Volume Modeling. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 108, 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.03.005
Afzal, P., H.D. Ahari, N.R. Omran, and Aliyari, F. (2013) Delineation of Gold Mineralized Zones Using Concentration-Volume Fractal Model in Qolqoleh Gold Deposit, NW Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 55, 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.05.005
Agterberg, F., Cheng, Q., Brown, A. and Good, D. (1996) Multifractal Modeling of Fractures in the Lac du Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba. Computers & Geosciences, 22, 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(95)00117-4
Spalla, M.I., Marotta, A.M. and Gosso, G. (2010) Advances in Interpretation of Geological Processes: Refinement of Multi-Scale Data and Integration in Numerical Modelling. Geological Society of London, London.