The Hareer anticline is within the High Folded Zone, facing southwards towards the Low Folded Zone. Both zones are part of the Outer Platform of the Arabian Plate. Moreover, both zones are part of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt located within the Zagros Foreland Basin. Although the Hareer anticline is a double plunging anticline oriented in a NW-SE trend, both plunges are abnormal. The northwestern plunge is gradually passing to the southwestern limb of the Pirat anticline; although there is a very shallow syncline in between them, giving a right-hand en-echelon form to the plunge. Whereas, the southeastern plunge disappears between the Kamosk anticline located southeast wards and the Shakrook anticline is located southwards. Both the Hareer and the Kamosk anticlines are thrusted over the Shakrook anticline by means of two long thrust faults that run almost parallel to the Hareer anticline. It is clearly observed that the anticline is growing northwest wards; according to the recognized geomorphological and structural features. High-Quality satellite images were interpreted to elucidate the abnormal form of the Hareer anticline. The interpreted data and different types of geomorphological features including the estimation of the rate of stream incision were checked in the field.
Berberian, M. (1993) Tectonic Map of Iran Scale 1:1500000. In: Continental Deformation in the Iranian Plateau, Contribution to the Seismotectonics of Iran, Part IV, Geological Survey Iran, Tehran, 52 p.
Blanc, E.J.P., Allen, M.B., Inger, S. and Hassani, H. (2003) Structural Styles in the Zagros Simple Folded Zone, Iran. Journal of Geological Society London, 160, 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764902-110
Bennett, E., Youngson, J., Jackson, J., Norris, R., Raisbeck, G., Yiou, F. and Fielding, E. (2005) Growth of South Rough Ridge, Central Otago, New Zealand: Using in Situ Cosmogenic Isotopes and Geomorphology to Study an Active, Blind Reverse Fault. Journal of Geophysics Researches, 110, B02404. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003184
Ramsey, L.A, Walker, R.T. and Jackson, J. (2008) Fold Evolution and Drainage Development in the Zagros Mountains of Fars Province, SE Iran. Basin Research, 20, 23-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00342.x
Ghafur, A.A., Sissakian, V.K., Abdulhaq, H.A. and Omer, H.O. (2019) Aqra Anticline: A Growing Structure in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. ARO—The Scientific Journal of Koya University, 7, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.10535
Sissakian, V.K., Abdulhaq, H.A., Ghafur, A.A. and Omer, H.O. (2020) Deducing the Lateral Growth of Handreen, Zozik and Tanoun Anticlines, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Using Geomorphological Features. Iraqi Geological Journal, 53, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.1C.1Rx-2020-04-01
Sissakian, V.K., Ghafur, A.A., Abdulhaq, H.A. and Omer, H.O. (2020) Indicating the Tectonic Origin of Gara and Mateen Anticlines Using Geomorphological and Structural Forms, Iraqi Kurdistan Region. UKHJSE, 4, 84-100. https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp84-100
Alavi, M. (2004) Regional Stratigraphy of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt of Iran and Its Proforeland Evolution. American Journal of Science, 304, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.1.1
Allen, M., Jackson, J. and Walker, R. (2004) Late Cenozoic Reorganisation of the Arabia-Eurasia Collision and the Comparison of Short-Term and Long-Term Deformation Rates. Tectonics, 23, TC2008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001530
Sissakian, V.K. and Fouad, S.F. (2015) Geological Map of Iraq, 4th Edition, Scale 1: 1000000. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 11, 9-18.
Burbank, D.W. and Anderson, R.S. (2001) Tectonic Geomorphology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 274 p.
Fossen, H. (2010) Structural Geology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 463 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511777806
Keller, E.A. and Pinter N. (2002) Active Tectonics: Earthquakes, Uplift, and Landscape. 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 359 p.
De Vera, J., Gines, J., Oehlers, M., Mcclay, K. and Doski, J. (2009) Structure of the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt in the Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq. Trabajos de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 29, 213-217.
Burtscher, A.Y., Frehner, M. and Grasemann, B. (2012) Tectonic Geomorphological Investigations of Antiforms Using Differential Geometry: Permam Anticline, Northern Iraq. Journal of American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 96, 301-316. https://doi.org/10.1306/06141110204
Sissakian, V.K. and Abdul-Jabbar, M.F. (2010) Morphometry and Genesis of the Main Transversal Gorges in North and Northeast Iraq. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 6, 95-120.
Sissakian, V.K., Abdul Jabbar, M.F., Al-Ansari, N. and Knutson, S. (2015) Development of Galley Ali Beg Gorge, Rawnadouz Area, North Iraq. Engineering, 7, 16-30. https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2015.71002
Omar, A.A. and Syan, S.H. (2016) Construction of a Structural Model for Harir Anticline within Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, Kurdistan of Iraq. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 28, 90-105. https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.28.6.12
Le Garzica, E, Vergésb, J., Sapinc, F., Saurab, E., Meressec, F., Ringenbachc, J.C. and Libal, A. (2017) Evolution of the NW Zagros Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Kurdistan Region of Iraq from Balanced and Restored Crustal-Scale Sections and Forward Modeling. Journal of Structural Geology, 124, 51-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2019.04.006
Fouad, S.F. (2015) Tectonic Map of Iraq, 3rd Edition, Scale 1: 1000000. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 11, 1-8.
Jassim, S.Z. and Goff, J.C. (2006) Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, 361 p.
Burberry, C.M. (2015) The Effect of Basement Fault Reactivation on the Triassic-Recent Geology of Kurdistan, North Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 38, 37-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12597
Obaid, A.K. and Allen, M.B. (2017) Landscape Maturity, Fold Growth Sequence and Structural Style in the Kirkuk Embayment of the Zagros, Northern Iraq. Tectonophysics, 717, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.07.006
Hessami, K., Koyi, H.A. and Talbot, C.J. (2001) The Significance of Strike-Slip Faulting in the Basement of the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 24, 5-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.2001.tb00659.x
Sissakian, V.K. and Al-Jibouri, B.M. (2014) Stratigraphy. In: Geology of the High Folded Zone. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, Special Issue, No. 6, 73-161.
Sissakian, V.K., Mustafa, H.I., Sidiq, S.A., Haris, G.K., Al-Ansari, N. and Knutson, S. (2016) Age Estimation and Causes of Landslides in Hareer Anticline, Central Northern Part of Iraq. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 7, 25-43.
Cowie, P.A. (1998) A Healing-Reloading Feedback Control on the Growth Rate of Seismogenic Faults. Journal of Structural Geology, 20, 1075-1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00034-0
Burbank, D.W. and Pinter, N. (1999) Landscape Evolution: The Interactions of Tectonics and Surface Processes. Basin Research, 11, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1999.00089.x
Yacoub, S.Y., Othman, A.A. and Kadhum, T.H. (2011) Geomorphology. In: Geology of the Low Folded Zone. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, Special Issue, No. 5, 7-38.
Sissakian, V.K., Kadhim, T.H. and Abdul Jab’bar, M.F. (2014) Geomorphology of the High Folded Zone. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, Special Issue, No. 6, 47-56.
IUGS (International Union of Geological Sciences) (2012) Geological Time Scale. Brisbane.